Effectiveness of Fluoxetine in Young People for the Treatment of Major Depression and Marijuana Dependence (CADY)

Fluoxetine for Major Depressive Disorder/Cannabis Disorder in Young People

Adolescents who are diagnosed with major depressive disorder are often also diagnosed with marijuana dependence. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant medication currently used to treat young people who are diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fluoxetine in treating adolescents and young adults diagnosed with both major depressive disorder and marijuana dependence.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Depressive Disorder, Major; Cannabis Abuse
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Fluoxetine; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

Marijuana dependence is the most common illicit substance use disorder in the United States. Its prevalence is highest among adolescents and young adults. Major depressive disorder is one of the most common conditions seen in marijuana dependent individuals. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant medication for treatment of major depression among adolescents and children. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fluoxetine in treating adolescents and young people dually diagnosed with major depressive disorder and marijuana dependence.

Participants in this 12-week trial will be randomly assigned to receive either fluoxetine or placebo. Participants will initially be randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg of fluoxetine or placebo. Medication will be given in the morning. If no side effects are observed over the first two weeks of the study, medication will be increased to a daily dose of 20 mg of fluoxetine or placebo. If, at Week 4, a participant continues to demonstrate significant depressive symptoms, medication will be increased to 30 mg daily. All participants will also receive Treatment as Usual (TAU) during the acute phase of the trial, which will consist of motivation enhancement therapy (MET) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Outcome measures will be obtained at screening, baseline, and weekly intervals for the first four weeks of the treatment phase; they will then be obtained biweekly for the final 8 weeks of the treatment phase. Blood will be drawn at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, and 12 to assess the level of three liver enzymes (Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (gGTP), Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), and Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT)). This will provide a biochemical monitoring of drinking behavior and medication compliance. The 12-week acute phase study will be supplemented by a 9-month naturalistic follow-up phase, during which care will be transferred from the study provider to the community provider. The study will end with a 1-year follow-up evaluation.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 70
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
      • Department of Psychiatry

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 25 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• DSM-IV diagnosis of current marijuana abuse or dependence, confirmed by SCID-SUD
• DSM-IV diagnosis of current major depressive disorder, confirmed by the K-SADS
• Marijuana use of at least two days within the week prior to enrollment
• Demonstrated adequate levels of depressive symptoms within the week prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

• DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia
• Hypo or hyperthyroidism
• Significant cardiac, neurological, or kidney impairment
• Liver disease (SGOT, SGPT, or gamma-GTP greater than 3 times the normal level)
• Use of antipsychotic or antidepressant medication in the month prior to enrollment
• DSM-IV dependence on any substance except marijuana or nicotine; alcohol dependence, or history of drug use
• History of significant medication side effects from any SSRI antidepressant
• Pregnant
• Unable to use adequate contraceptive methods for the duration of the study
• Inability to read or understand English

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Fluoxetine; Gelatin capsules Fluoxetine 10 mg, 1 capsule every a.m. Medication will be increased by one capsule, to a daily dose of fluoxetine 20 mg, 2 capsules barring side effects.	Drug: Fluoxetine; Gelatin capsules Fluoxetine 10 mg, 1 capsule every a.m. Medication will be increased by one capsule, to a daily dose of fluoxetine 20 mg, 2 capsules barring side effects.; Other Names: Prozac
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Gelatin capsules Placebo capsules, identical to Fluoxetine capsules, 1 capsule every a.m. Medication will be increased by one capsule, to a daily dose of placebo, 2 capsules barring side effects.	Other: Placebo; Gelatin capsules Placebo capsules, identical to Fluoxetine capsules, 1 capsule every a.m. Medication will be increased by one capsule, to a daily dose of placebo, 2 capsules barring side effects.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Days Per Week of Cannabis Use.	The number days out of the last seven days that cannabis was used.	12 Weeks
Depression Symptoms at Week 12	Average of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Scores measured at Weeks 1-4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. The BDI is a subject reported measure that has a minimim score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. A better outcome would consist of values near the minimum end of the scale (0) and a worse outcome would consist of values near the maximum end of the scare (63). Each DSM-IV criteron asses a different depressive symptom.	12 Weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Cannabis Use Disorder Criterion Met at a Particular Time Point.	Criterion used in this study was the number of DSM-IV cannabis use disorder symptoms (criteria) that were met.	12 Weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jack R Cornelius, University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cornelius JR, Bukstein OG, Douaihy AB, Clark DB, Chung TA, Daley DC, Wood DS, Brown SJ. Double-blind fluoxetine trial in comorbid MDD-CUD youth and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Nov 1;112(1-2):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.010. Epub 2010 Jun 23.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2004
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 6, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 6, 2005
• First Posted (Estimate): September 8, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 24, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 17, 2013
• Last Verified: June 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: MDD; Cannabis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Mood Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Marijuana Abuse; Depressive Disorder, Major; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Psychotropic Drugs; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Serotonin Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; Fluoxetine
• Other Study ID Numbers: NIDA-19142-1; DPMC (Other Identifier: NIDA); R01DA019142 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)