Improving Control and Reducing the Risk of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Type 1 Diabetes (BPK002)

September 9, 2014 updated by: Boris Kovatchev, PhD

Improving Metabolic Control and Reducing Hypoglycemic Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus With Biological and Behavioral Feedback

The purpose of this study is to test two newly developed computer programs, Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring and Feedback (IBMF) IBMF-1 and IBMF-2. The computer programs are considered experimental. Both computer programs are being tested to see if they are useful in helping people with type 1 diabetes avoid low blood sugar episodes.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Subjects were randomized into group A or group B matched by gender, age, and baseline HbA1c. Group A began with routine self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) alone (level 1), followed sequentially by IBMF-1 (level 2) and IBMF-2 (level 3). Group B began with level 2, followed by level 3 and then level 1.

Each level continued for 3 months and proceeded as follows: level 1 was routine SMBG. Subjects were given LifeScan OneTouch UltraSmart meters (LifeScan Inc., Milpitas, CA) and free strips, and asked to perform SMBG four to five times per day. No additional instructions about the timing of SMBG or the interpretation of the data were given. No changes to treatment were recommended. At each visit, the subject was only asked about any health concerns or any new medications or change in insulin. This information was recorded but not used for feedback. Thus, level 1 should be regarded as a control condition, which was different from routine SMBG only because subjects were enrolled in a study and given free test strips.

IBMF-1 (level 2) retained level 1, but an HHC (hand-held computer) was given to the subjects, programmed to estimate HbA1c, risk for hypoglycemia (Low BG Index, LBGI), and glucose variability (Average Daily Risk Range, ADRR) using previously published algorithms. The subjects were asked to carry the HHC and enter all their glucose readings when per- forming SMBG. The estimates of HbA1c were updated weekly, and the estimates of risk for hypoglycemia and glucose variability were updated at each SMBG entry. Detailed instructions were provided on the meaning of these different types of glucose feedback; the study staff was available to answer any questions.

IBMF-2 (level 3) retained level 2, but the HHC asked subjects to provide symptom ratings when BG (blood glucose) was low and at an equal number of matching euglycemic readings. From these data, the HHC estimated a set of potentially significant symptoms of hypoglycemia for each individual, using an iterative algorithm following a previously published symptom significance estimation procedure. The patient manual for the HHC program is provided in supplementary data of published manuscript.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

120

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22903
        • University of Virginia

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 years of age or older
  • Have type 1 diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association or by the judgment of the physician
  • Willing to participate for up to one year
  • Perform routine blood glucose checks 3-4 times a day
  • Complete monthly diaries of the occurrence of severe and moderate hypoglycemic episodes
  • Have 6 hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) drawn
  • Have a mixed meal tolerance test to assess for residual pancreatic insulin secretion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age < 18 years
  • Currently abusing alcohol or drugs
  • Severe depression or psychosis
  • Significant mental impairment
  • Inability to use a glucometer and a hand held computer
  • Pregnant or desire to achieve pregnancy within the following year (females)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Group A Order: SMBG, IBMF-1, IBMF-2
Group A performed routine self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) alone (level 1), followed sequentially by Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 1 (IBMF-1) level 2 and Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 2 (IBMF-2) level 3. Each level continued for 3 months.
Device: Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 1 (IBMF-1)
Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback-1 (IBMF-1): a hand-held computer (HHC) was given to the subjects, programmed to estimate HbA1c, risk for hypoglycemia (Low BG Index), and glucose variability (Average Daily Risk Range) using previously published algorithms. The subjects were asked to carry the HHC and enter all their self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) readings. The estimates of HbA1c were updated weekly, and the estimates of risk for hypoglycemia and glucose variability were updated at each SMBG entry. Detailed instructions were provided on the meaning of these different types of glucose feedback; the study staff was available to answer any questions.
Device: Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 2 (IBMF-2)
Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback-2 (IMBF-2) retains IMBF-1, but the HHC asked subjects to provide symptom ratings when blood glucose (BG) was low and at an equal number of matching euglycemic readings. From these data, the HHC estimated a set of potentially significant symptoms of hypoglycemia for each individual, using an iterative algorithm following a previously published symptom significance estimation procedure. The patient manual for the HHC program is provided in supplementary data of published manuscript.
Experimental: Group B Order: IBMF-1, IBMF-2, SMBG
Group B began with Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 1 (IBMF-1) level 2, followed by level 3, Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 2 (IBMF-2) and then level 1 (SMBG only). Each level continued for 3 months.
Device: Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 1 (IBMF-1)
Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback-1 (IBMF-1): a hand-held computer (HHC) was given to the subjects, programmed to estimate HbA1c, risk for hypoglycemia (Low BG Index), and glucose variability (Average Daily Risk Range) using previously published algorithms. The subjects were asked to carry the HHC and enter all their self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) readings. The estimates of HbA1c were updated weekly, and the estimates of risk for hypoglycemia and glucose variability were updated at each SMBG entry. Detailed instructions were provided on the meaning of these different types of glucose feedback; the study staff was available to answer any questions.
Device: Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback - 2 (IBMF-2)
Integrated Biobehavioral Monitoring & Feedback-2 (IMBF-2) retains IMBF-1, but the HHC asked subjects to provide symptom ratings when blood glucose (BG) was low and at an equal number of matching euglycemic readings. From these data, the HHC estimated a set of potentially significant symptoms of hypoglycemia for each individual, using an iterative algorithm following a previously published symptom significance estimation procedure. The patient manual for the HHC program is provided in supplementary data of published manuscript.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hemoglobin A1c
Time Frame: 1 year (each level lasted 3 months)
1 year (each level lasted 3 months)
Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia
Time Frame: 1 year (each level lasted 3 months)
Severe hypoglycemia (SH) was defined to subjects as "blood glucose so low that you could not treat yourself because you were stuporous or unconscious."
1 year (each level lasted 3 months)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Boris Kovatchev, PhD

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Boris Kovatchev, Ph.D., University of Virginia, Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Behavioral Medicine Research

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

January 1, 2006

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2009

Study Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 18, 2006

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 18, 2006

First Posted (Estimate)

April 19, 2006

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

September 18, 2014

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 9, 2014

Last Verified

August 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 12126

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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