Mechanism of Action Study for Psoriasis (MOA)

An Investigator-Initiated, Assessor Blinded, Randomized Study Comparing the Mechanism of Action of Adalimumab to Methotrexate in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis.

The objective of this study is to compare the mechanism of action between adalimumab and methotrexate in subjects with psoriasis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Psoriasis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Adalimumab (Humira); Drug: Methotrexate

Detailed Description

Both methotrexate and adalimumab are FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. The two treatments, methotrexate and adalimumab, both show efficacy for psoriasis, however their profiles differ. In the CHAMPION Study, more adalimumab-treated, moderate to severe psoriasis patients achieved a PASI 75 after 16 weeks compared to those treated with methotrexate (80% vs. 36%). The reason for this difference is poorly understood. No direct comparative mechanism of action studies in psoriasis patients between methotrexate and adalimumab (or any tumor necrosis factor blocker) has been reported.

With etanercept, another tumor necrosis factor blocker, the in vivo mechanism has been studied with some scientific rigor. These studies demonstrate that etanercept down regulates multiple pro-inflammatory pathways (as shown in Table 1 of the protocol).

To date, there are no similar studies with adalimumab or methotrexate.

In order to understand the molecular and cellular basis for the differential clinical efficacy of adalimumab and methotrexate, it is essential to compare their mechanisms of action in psoriatic plaques. Biopsies will be performed, and we will study biomarkers in this proposal with immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and gene arrays.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 33
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02111
      • Tufts Medical Center, Department of Dermatology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults 18-85 years of age with moderate to severe psoriasis, in general good health as determined by the PI based upon the results of medical history, laboratory profile, and physical examination, and who are candidates for systemic or phototherapy
• Presence of a psoriatic plaque of >2cm in an area which can be biopsied repeatedly.
• Men must agree to avoid impregnating a woman while on this study.

• Women are eligible to participate in the study if they meet one of the following criteria:

  • Women who are postmenopausal (>1 year), sterile, or hysterectomized

  • Women of childbearing potential must undergo monthly pregnancy testing during the study and agree to use two of the following methods of contraception throughout and for 60 days after the last dose of study drug:

    • Oral contraceptives
    • Transdermal contraceptives
    • Injectable or implantable methods
    • Intrauterine devices
    • Barrier methods (diaphragm or condom with spermicide)
    • Abstinence and Tubal Ligation are also considered a form of Birth control

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients <18 or >85 years old
• Absence of a psoriatic plaque >2cm in diameter
• Active guttate, erythrodermic, or pustular psoriasis at the time of the screening visit
• Evidence of skin conditions at screening (e.g. eczema) that would interfere with evaluations of the effect of study medication
• Inability to understand the consent process
• Receipt of any investigational drugs, psoralen+ultraviolet A or oral systemic treatments within 4 weeks of study drug initiation
• Biologics within 3 months of study initiation
• Topical steroids, topical vitamin A or D analog preparations, Ultraviolet B therapy or anthralin within 2 weeks of study drug initiation. (Exception-stable regimen of class I-II topical steroids on scalp, axillae, and groin)
• Methotrexate within 6 weeks of study initiation
• History of treatment with adalimumab
• History of primary non-response to methotrexate, infliximab or etanercept
• History of discontinuation of methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker for a safety-related reason that makes it unwise to restart either type of drug
• Any internal malignancy within 5 years (excluding fully excised cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma)
• Pregnancy, not practicing effective birth control, or inability to practice safe sex during the length of the study
• Lactation
• Subjects who have known hypersensitivity to adalimumab or methotrexate or any of its components or who is known to have antibodies to etanercept
• History of alcohol or drug abuse one year before and during the study
• Known HIV-positive status or any other immune-suppressing disease
• Presence of a grade 3 or 4 infection <30 days prior to the screening visit, between the screening visit and the first day of treatment on study, or any time during the study that in the opinion of the PI would preclude participation in the study

• Any grade 3 or 4 adverse event, or laboratory toxicity, at the time of the screening visit or at any time during the study, which in the opinion of the PI would, preclude participation in the study

  • Serum creatinine >3.0 mg/dL (265 micromoles/L)
  • Serum potassium <3.5 mmol/L or > 5.5 mmol/L
  • Serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase >3 times the upper limit of normal for the lab
  • Platelet count <100,000/mm3
  • White blood cell count <3,000/mm3
  • Hgb, Hct, or red blood cell outside 30% of the upper or lower limits of normal for the Lab
• Receipt of live vaccines 1 month prior to or while on study
• History of tuberculosis, and/or a positive PPD skin test/chest x-ray at screening without appropriate treatment-treatment of latent tuberculosis (for those with positive PPD tests) must be initiated prior to therapy with adalimumab or methotrexate
• Chronic hepatitis B or C infection, history of multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, optic neuritis or epilepsy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Adalimumab; Dosing will be on day 1 and then weekly. For the injections, dosing will occur according to product recommendations. Patients will receive 80mg adalimumab (2 pre-filled syringes, each with 40mg) on day 1, and then 40mg on week 1 and then every 2 weeks (from week 1 through week 15).	Drug: Adalimumab (Humira); 2 cohorts (Randomized 1:1 adalimumab:methotrexate). Subjects will receive treatment on Day 1 (baseline visit) and then weekly or every 2 weeks for 16 weeks.; Other Names: Humira
Active Comparator: Methotrexate (MTX); Patients will be dosed according to the CHAMPION study in single weekly doses of methotrexate: 7.5mg at week 0, 10mg at week two, and 15mg at week 4 for all patients. For each subject if the PASI did not decrease by at least 50% from baseline (PASI-50) at week 8, dosing will be increased to 20mg per week; the dose will be maintained at 15mg per week if PASI-50 was achieved at week 8. If PASI-50 was not achieved at week 12, dosing will be increased to 25mg per week; the dose will be maintained at 20mg per week if the PASI-50 was achieved at week 12. All patients on methotrexate will also receive a dietary supplement of oral folate (5mg per week). Methotrexate-treated patients will then receive 16 weeks of adalimumab at the end of study.	Drug: Adalimumab (Humira); 2 cohorts (Randomized 1:1 adalimumab:methotrexate). Subjects will receive treatment on Day 1 (baseline visit) and then weekly or every 2 weeks for 16 weeks.; Other Names: Humira; Drug: Methotrexate; 2 cohorts (Randomized 1:1 adalimumab:methotrexate). Subjects will receive treatment on Day 1 (baseline visit) and then weekly or every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Methotrexate-treated patients will then receive 16 weeks of adalimumab at the end of study.; Other Names: Folic Acid; Methotrexate (MTX)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Biologic Activity Endpoints	Histologic and Immunohistochemistry endpoints; Relative messenger RNA gene expression (normalized to HARP); and Gene Arrays.	Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 16

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: PASI 75	PASI 75 is the percent of subjects who experience an improvement in PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) score of at least 75% from their baseline PASI score.	Weeks 0 and week 16
Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) Clear or Almost Clear (PGA 0-1)		Week 0 and Week 16
Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: % Body Surface Area		Week 0 and week 16
Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Target Lesion Score	The lesion score of a single psoriatic plaque selected at baseline. Total range is 0 - 12 with 0 being clear and 12 representing the most severe disease. The target lesion score is composed of scale, erythema, and induration, each parameter is scored 0 (clear) through 4 (very severe). Totals are summed for target lesion score. S+E+I = TLS	Week 0 and Week 16
Clinical Endpoints for Psoriasis: Photography Completed		Week 0 and Week 16

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Additional Gene Analysis (Ongoing)	A single, long-term follow-up visit will be done for all available subjects for additional pharmacogenetic analysis. The goal in collecting DNA from psoriasis patients is to determine if individual subjects have gene variants associated with increased incidence of psoriasis. The investigators plan on analyzing variants using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by high-throughput DNA sequencing. This patient genetic information may allow us to correctly interpret data collected about gene expression levels in affected or non-affected skin. Additionally genetic typing may lead to cogent personalized health care (PHC) strategies for the identification of psoriasis drug responders/non-responders, patients who achieve durable disease remission post-treatment, and/or pharmacodynamic markers, as examples.	long-term follow-up visit 4- 6 years post end of study

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tufts Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Gottlieb AB, Chamian F, Masud S, Cardinale I, Abello MV, Lowes MA, Chen F, Magliocco M, Krueger JG. TNF inhibition rapidly down-regulates multiple proinflammatory pathways in psoriasis plaques. J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2721-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2721.
• Malaviya R, Sun Y, Tan JK, Magliocco M, Gottlieb AB. Induction of lesional and circulating leukocyte apoptosis by infliximab in a patient with moderate to severe psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006 Oct;5(9):890-3.
• Malaviya R, Sun Y, Tan JK, Wang A, Magliocco M, Yao M, Krueger JG, Gottlieb AB. Etanercept induces apoptosis of dermal dendritic cells in psoriatic plaques of responding patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Oct;55(4):590-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.004. Epub 2006 Jul 3.
• Tan JK, Aphale A, Malaviya R, Sun Y, Gottlieb AB. Mechanisms of action of etanercept in psoriasis. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2007 May;12(1):38-45. doi: 10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650037.
• Lizzul PF, Aphale A, Malaviya R, Sun Y, Masud S, Dombrovskiy V, Gottlieb AB. Differential expression of phosphorylated NF-kappaB/RelA in normal and psoriatic epidermis and downregulation of NF-kappaB in response to treatment with etanercept. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jun;124(6):1275-83. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23735.x.
• Saurat JH, Stingl G, Dubertret L, Papp K, Langley RG, Ortonne JP, Unnebrink K, Kaul M, Camez A; CHAMPION Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety results from the randomized controlled comparative study of adalimumab vs. methotrexate vs. placebo in patients with psoriasis (CHAMPION). Br J Dermatol. 2008 Mar;158(3):558-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08315.x. Epub 2007 Nov 28.
• Goldminz AM, Suarez-Farinas M, Wang AC, Dumont N, Krueger JG, Gottlieb AB. CCL20 and IL22 Messenger RNA Expression After Adalimumab vs Methotrexate Treatment of Psoriasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Aug;151(8):837-46. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0452.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 30, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 1, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): July 3, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 31, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 1, 2017
• Last Verified: August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: treatment; Methotrexate; psoriasis; mechanism; tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade; tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous; Psoriasis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Dermatologic Agents; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Reproductive Control Agents; Vitamin B Complex; Hematinics; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortifacient Agents; Folic Acid Antagonists; Adalimumab; Methotrexate; Folic Acid
• Other Study ID Numbers: Moa; ABT 08-030 (Other Grant/Funding Number: AbbVie)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO