Effect of Protein From Animal and Vegetable Sources on Appetite (PAVA)

New Nordic diet guidelines advocate a reduction in consumption of protein from animal sources such as beef and pork, due to environmental concerns. Instead, intake of protein from vegetable sources such as legumes and pulses should be increased. However, little is known about the effect of protein from (Nordic grown) beans and peas on body weight and appetite regulation.

The objective of this study is to examine if protein from vegetable sources (beans and peas) is comparable to protein from animal sources regarding acute meal-induced satiety.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Focus of Study: Appetite
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Vegetable Protein; Other: Animal protein

Detailed Description

Design:

Single-blind randomized 3-way crossover meal study

Subjects:

• 48 young healthy men (Age: 18-50 years; BMI: 19-30 kg/m2).
• Expected completers: n=42.

End points:

• Subjective appetite (VAS) (every 30 min for 3 hours)
• Ad libitum energy intake (3 hours after test meal)

Experimental diets:

Iso-caloric breakfast meals (3.5 MJ) with same energy density:

A. Fava beans + Split peas (20 protein E%) B. Fava beans + Split peas + potato (10 protein E%) C. Pork/beef + potato (20 protein E%)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Denmark
  • Frederiksberg C, Denmark, 1958
    • Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy men
• 18-50 y
• body mass index (BMI) 18.5-30.0

Exclusion Criteria:

• smoking
• participation in other studies for 4 mo prior to entry
• weight gain/loss > 3 kg for to mo prior to entry
• Strenuous physical activity for > 10 h/wk
• Use of medication that can affect appetite
• food allergies or relevance for the test meals
• Psychiatric or metabolic disorders prohibiting participation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Low Vegetable Protein; Meal with 10 E% protein from fava beans/split peas	Other: Vegetable Protein; Vegetable protein in the form of fava beans/split peas
Experimental: High Vegetable protein; Meal with 20 E% protein from fava beans/split peas	Other: Vegetable Protein; Vegetable protein in the form of fava beans/split peas
Experimental: High Animal Protein; Meal with 20 E% protein from pork/beef	Other: Animal protein; Protein in the form of minced pork/beef

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Composite appetite score area under the curve (180 min)	Composite score calculated from 10 cm visual analogue scale ratings: (desire to eat + hunger + prospective food consumption + (100-fullnes) + (100-satiety))/5	Assessed every 30 min for 180 min after each of the three test meals which are served 1 wk apart
Ad libitum energy intake	180 min after each test meal an ad libitum meal of spaghetti bolognese is served, and the total energy intake is recorded.	Assessed 180 min after each of the 3 test meals, which are served 1 wk apart

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Appetite ratings	Assessment of hunger, fulness, satiety, desire to eat and prospective food consumption from 10 cm visual analogue scale ratings every 30 min after meal consumption for 3 hours.	Assessed every 30 min for 180 min after each or the 3 test meals which are served 1 wk apart

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Arne Astrup
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Arne Astrup, Professor, University of Copenhagen

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 27, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 28, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): May 2, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 25, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2015
• Last Verified: March 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: appetite; protein; legumes; meat
• Other Study ID Numbers: B275