Long Term Antihypertensive Exposure and Adverse Metabolic Effects: PEAR Follow-Up Study

This is a research study of the long term effects on blood sugar and cholesterol of blood pressure lowering medications. People are invited to participate in this research study if they participated in the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR 1, NCT00246519 or PEAR 2, NCT01203852) study and are still taking a thiazide diuretic. In PEAR, the effects on blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol of the high blood pressure drugs hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol over an 18 week period were evaluated. This PEAR follow-up study will determine the effects of thiazide diuretics on blood sugar and cholesterol, but in the period since the PEAR trial. The study hypothesis is that long term exposure to thiazide diuretics results in larger increases in blood sugar and cholesterol levels than short term exposure.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Drug Induced Hyperglycemia; Secondary Hyperlipidemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Detailed Description

One in three deaths in the United States is due to cardiovascular (CV) disease. One in three US adults has hypertension, a major underlying cause of CV disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dyslipidemia are major contributors of CV morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. Thiazide diuretics and beta blockers are first line agents in the treatment of hypertension, but these commonly prescribed antihypertensive classes can contribute to dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism. In randomized controlled trials, reductions in CV outcomes due to blood pressure reduction with thiazide diuretic and beta blocker treatment are accompanied by increases in T2D incidence and exacerbation of dyslipidemia. CV morbidity and mortality resulting from persistent antihypertensive-related T2D or dyslipidemia may eventually outweigh benefits from blood pressure reduction, encouraging use of alternate antihypertensive classes especially in high risk patients. An accumulating body of published literature supports that adverse metabolic effects are induced by thiazide diuretics and beta blockers. However, the vast majority of evidence for adverse metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs utilizes secondary analyses of data from randomized blood pressure reduction trials. To date, no published study has compared short and long term adverse metabolic effects of antihypertensive therapy in the same patient population. The Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) study is a randomized, parallel assignment trial to determine genetic influences on blood pressure response to the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide and the beta blocker atenolol. The PEAR study duration (18 weeks) is not sufficient to assess long term effects (over six months) of these antihypertensive medications. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of long term thiazide and beta blocker therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism in the PEAR population, in which short term effects have been assessed. Secondary analyses of this follow-up study include investigating adverse metabolic effects of long term thiazide diuretic and beta blocker therapy on insulin sensitivity and the role of potassium and uric acid in the hyperglycemic effects of thiazide diuretics.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 44
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
      • University of Florida College of Pharmacy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• previously enrolled in PEAR study
• completed last PEAR study visit greater than 6 months prior
• receive thiazide diuretic continuously since PEAR enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

• pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: DIAGNOSTIC
• Allocation: NA
• Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
OTHER: Follow-Up Arm; All patients are recruited for inclusion in the Follow-Up Arm, which is the sole arm of the study. The Follow-Up Arm includes a one time study visit in which study interventions are performed. The Follow-Up Arm involves patients from the parent study who were enrolled in the follow-up study. The intervention in the Follow-Up Arm is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.	Drug: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Administration of 75 gram oral glucose load and three plasma glucose measurements (including baseline).; Other Names: Glucose Drink 100

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)	Fasting glucose was obtained at time 0 min.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (mg/dl h)	Area under the curve for the OGTT was calculated for each patient using the 3 time points (0 hour, 1 hour and 2 hour). Average value for participants is provided.	one oral glucose tolerance test was performed with 3 time points (0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hour)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)		Triglycerides was obtained at time 0 min.
Low Density Lipoprotein (mg/dL)		Low Density Lipoprotein was obtained at time 0 min.
High Density Lipoprotein (mg/dL)		High Density Lipoprotein was obtained at time 0 min.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Florida
• Investigators: Study Director: Jason H Karnes, PharmD, University of Florida

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): August 1, 2013
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): August 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 2, 2011
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): August 4, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): October 16, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 10, 2014
• Last Verified: October 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Dyslipidemias; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemias
• Other Study ID Numbers: PEAR Follow-Up