Phase II Study of Sipuleucel-T and Indoximod for Patients With Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer

A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II Study of Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) Followed by Indoximod or Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Asymptomatic or Minimally Symptomatic Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

This is a randomized, double blind, multi-institutional phase II therapeutic study of Indoximod or placebo after the completion of standard of care sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer that is castration resistant (hormone refractory). Patients are randomized to receive either twice daily oral Indoximod or placebo for 6 months beginning the day after the third and final sipuleucel-T infusion.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metastatic Prostate Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Indoximod; Biological: Sipuleucel-T; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Oral Indoximod/placebo will be self-administered twice daily for 6 months starting after the last infusion of sipuleucel-T. Patients will be treated for a minimum of 12 weeks of Indoximod/placebo before disease progression can be declared and Indoximod/placebo will not be discontinued for increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the absence of symptomatic clinical progression.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 47
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • University of Illinois Medical Center
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
      • Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10065
      • New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center
  • Pennsylvania
    • Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033
      • Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease as evidenced by soft tissue and/or bony metastases on baseline computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis and/or bone scan

• Castration-resistant based on a current or historical evidence of disease progression despite surgical or medical castration as demonstrated by one or more of the following:

  • PSA progression (defined as two consecutive prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements at least 14 days apart ≥ 2.0 ng/ml and ≥ 50% above the minimum PSA during castration therapy or above pre-treatment value if no response)
  • progression of measurable disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria (≥ 50% increase in the sum of the cross products of all measurable lesions or the development of any new lesions
  • progression of non-measureable disease
• Serum PSA ≥ 2.0 ng/ml at study enrollment
• Castration levels of testosterone defined as ≤ 30 ng/dL at study enrollment. Must be at least 3 months from surgical castration or must have received medical castration therapy for at least 3 months and be receiving such therapy at the time of confirmed disease progression
• Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic disease as demonstrated by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 or 1 and no need for opiate pain medications to control pain/symptoms
• Age 18 years and old

• Adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic function within 14 days of study enrollment defined as:

  • Bone marrow: WBC > 3,000/uL; absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/uL; platelets > 100,000/uL
  • Renal: creatinine within institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) OR creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above ULN
  • Hepatic: total bilirubin < 1.5 X institutional ULN; aspartate aminotransferase (AST ((SGOT)) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT((SGPT)) < 2.5 X institutional ULN

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic steroid dependence (should stop all steroid supplementation 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and those with other acquired/inherited immunodeficiency
• History of gastrointestinal disease causing malabsorption or obstruction such as, but not limited to Crohn's disease, celiac sprue, tropical sprue, bacterial overgrowth/blind loop syndrome, gastric bypass surgery, strictures, adhesions, achalasia, bowel obstruction, or extensive small bowel resection
• Inability to take medications by mouth
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition
• Active autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory condition, conditions requiring concurrent use of any systemic immunosuppressants or steroids. Mild-intermittent asthma requiring only occasional beta-agonist inhaler use or mild localized eczema will not be excluded.
• Previous allo-transplant of any kind
• History of prior treatment with anti-CTLA4 blocking antibody

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod; Oral Indoximod will be self-administered by mouth twice daily (1200 mg) for 6 months starting after the last (3rd) infusion of sipuleucel-T. Indoximod is a sterile tan powder compounded in capsule form of 200 mg.	Biological: Indoximod; Given twice daily (1200 mg total) by mouth for 6 months.; Other Names: 1-methyl-D-tryptophan; Biological: Sipuleucel-T; Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Given by infusion over 60 minutes at Week 0, 2 and 4. Patients will undergo leukapheresis at weeks 0, 2, and 4 with sipuleucel-T infused 3 days later (i.e. Monday/Thursday; Tuesday/Friday).; Other Names: Provenge
Placebo Comparator: Sipuleucel-T + Placebo; Placebo is identical-looking to Indoximod and provided in the same manner.	Biological: Sipuleucel-T; Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Given by infusion over 60 minutes at Week 0, 2 and 4. Patients will undergo leukapheresis at weeks 0, 2, and 4 with sipuleucel-T infused 3 days later (i.e. Monday/Thursday; Tuesday/Friday).; Other Names: Provenge; Other: Placebo; Given in same manner as Indoximod; 1200 mg per day by mouth.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Immune Response to Sipuleucel-T	Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Increase in number of ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm.	14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months	Progression free survival (PFS) is a composite endpoint defined as disease progression in bone or soft tissues, PSA progression, worsening pain, or death. PFS will be measured in months from the time of study enrollment until the date of disease progression. Progression is evaluated using the international criteria proposed by the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1) [Eur J Ca 45:228-247, 2009]. Changes in the largest diameter (unidimensional measurement) of the tumor lesions and the shortest diameter in the case of malignant lymph nodes are used in the RECIST criteria.	6 Months
Objective Response Rate	rate as defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group -2 (PCWG2). ORR is defined as the percentage of subjects with evidence of a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)(version 1.1) Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to <10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesion. Stable Disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.	4 weeks
Overall Survival	To evaluate 2 year overall survival	2 years
Quality of Life Scale Results	measured by the performance status with scale of 0-5 0 being 'normal activity' and 5 'being dead'	6 Months
Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024	Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Antibodies to PA2024 is measured by ELISA. The ratio of antibodies to ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm.	14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Shilpa Gupta, M.D., Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 12, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): December 12, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 20, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 21, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): March 22, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 3, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 20, 2020
• Last Verified: March 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: hormone refractory prostate cancer
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Psychotropic Drugs; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Tryptophan
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2011LS109