- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01592409
Cannabis Effects on Driving-related Skills of Young Drivers
Acute and Residual Effects of Cannabis on Young Drivers' Performance of Driving-related Skills
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This study will test the prediction that residual effects of an acute dose of cannabis on driving-related skills will be observed in a group of young drivers 48 hours following a single dose of smoked cannabis, and will also examine the effects of an acute dose of cannabis on those skills using driving simulator technology.
Study Objectives
- Examine the residual effects of a moderate dose of cannabis (12.5% THC) on driving simulator performance of young drivers. Simulated driving performance, tests of cognition, verbal memory, and mood will be measured concurrently with levels of cannabinoids in biological fluids at approximately 24 and 48 hours following acute drug exposure in male and female drivers aged 19 to 25. We will test the hypothesis that performance on a high-fidelity driving simulator task will be significantly impaired approximately 24 hours following a dose of cannabis in comparison to a placebo condition.
- Examine the acute effects of a moderate dose of cannabis (12.5% THC) on driving simulator performance of young drivers. Simulated driving performance, tests of cognition, verbal memory, and mood will be measured concurrently with levels of cannabinoids in biological fluids before and after drug administration. Cannabinoid levels in biological fluids will be measured over a 6 hour period following drug exposure. We will examine the relationship of cannabinoid levels to performance measures in this time frame.
- Explore the effects of driving history, driving attitudes, and individual difference measures (e.g., demographics, drug and alcohol use, etc.) on the acute and residual effects of cannabis on driving simulator performance of young drivers. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to determine if the acute and residual effects of cannabis on the driving simulator task are influenced by these measures.
- Determine if a relationship exists between genetics and THC response. As an ancillary aim, blood samples may be collected for future research to determine if a relationship exists between genetic polymorphisms and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to cannabis.
Study Design and Duration
The study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled mixed-design study, including a randomized between-subjects comparison of the effects of smoked cannabis and both between- and within-subjects examination of its residual effects at 24 and 48 hours following one-time drug administration. Although a placebo condition is part of the study, this is not a treatment study.
Initial contact with potential subjects will be made via telephone, and study personnel will conduct a telephone screen for eligibility. Upon eligibility confirmation by telephone, participants will be asked to attend CAMH for an eligibility assessment. The study will consist of 5 sessions for each subject (an eligibility assessment, a practice day, and three subsequent testing days). Participants will be asked not to use cannabis for 48 hours prior to attending the practice day (Session 2). Although Session 1 can be completed at any time prior to the remaining study sessions, Sessions 2 - 5 must be performed on consecutive days.
In certain instances, the Qualified Investigator may ask a participant to return for re-screening, e.g. repeat of urine test or other assessments performed for eligibility assessment. Also, in case of unforeseen delays in scheduling study participation, the Qualified Investigator will determine if there is a need to ask a participant to repeat some assessments, e.g., physical examination.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Ontario
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Males and females aged 19 to 25
- Regular cannabis users (between one and four times per week)
- Held a valid class G or G2 Ontario driver's license (or equivalent from another jurisdiction) for at least 12 months.
- Willing to abstain from cannabis use for the duration of the study, and for 48 hours prior to Session 2.
- Provides written and informed consent
- Urine toxicology result positive for THC (indicating recent use of cannabis).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Positive breathalyzer results for alcohol on any given study day.
- Is a regular user of medications that affect brain function (i.e., antidepressants, benzodiazepines, stimulants).
- Diagnosis of severe medical or psychiatric conditions.
- A first degree relative diagnosed with schizophrenia.
- Meets criteria for current or lifetime Substance Use Disorders (DSM-IV) with the exception of nicotine.
- Meets criteria for Cannabis Dependence (DSM-IV).
- Is pregnant, is trying to become pregnant, or is currently breastfeeding.
Ongoing Exclusion Criteria:
- Upon eligibility assessment, toxicology results indicate that the participant has not used cannabis recently.
- Any toxicology screen after Session 2 - Practice Day indicating a psychoactive substance has been used other than cannabis.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
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Active Comparator: Active cannabis
In this condition, participants will receive a cigarette containing 12.5% active THC.
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A single cannabis cigarette (potency 12.5% THC) will be given to participants to smoke over a 10 minute period, ad lib.
If the cigarette is not smoked in its entirety, the remainder will be weighed to estimate dose.
Other Names:
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Placebo Comparator: Placebo
In this condition, participants will receive a cannabis cigarette where the active THC has been removed (contains 0% THC).
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A single placebo cannabis cigarette (0% THC) will be given to participants to smoke over a 10 minute period, ad lib.
If the cigarette is not smoked in its entirety, the remainder will be weighed to estimate dose (as this is a double-blind study).
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Psychomotor Impairment (Driving)
Time Frame: Approximate: at baseline (30 minutes before smoking), 30 minutes after smoking
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The driving simulator will objectively measure driving behaviour during a number of pre-programmed driving scenarios.
Zone/ Hazard performance measure: Mean Speed.
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Approximate: at baseline (30 minutes before smoking), 30 minutes after smoking
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Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Robert Mann, Ph.D., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Principal Investigator: Bernard Le Foll, M.D., Ph.D., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Adlaf EM, Begin P, Sawka E. Canadian Addiction Survey (CAS): A national survey of Canadians' use of alcohol and other drugs: Prevalence of use and related harms: Detailed report. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Cenre for Substance Abuse 2005
- Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Backman JG, Schulenber JE. Monitoring the future: National results on adolescent drug use. Bethesda, MD.: National Institute on Drug Abuse 2009
- WHO - Programme on substance abuse. Cannabis: a health perspective and research agenda: World Health Organization 1997.
- Chipman ML, Macdonald S, Mann RE. Being "at fault" in traffic crashes: does alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, or polydrug abuse make a difference? Inj Prev. 2003 Dec;9(4):343-8. doi: 10.1136/ip.9.4.343.
- Brault M, Dussault C, Bouchard J, Lemire AM. The contribution of alcohol and other drugs among fatally injured drivers in Quebec: final results. Société de l'assurance automobile du Quebec 2002. Available from: http://www.saaq.gouv.qc.ca/publications/dossiers_etudes/drogue_an.pdf
- Laumon B, Gadegbeku B, Martin JL, Biecheler MB; SAM Group. Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study. BMJ. 2005 Dec 10;331(7529):1371. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38648.617986.1F. Epub 2005 Dec 1. Erratum In: BMJ. 2006 Jun 3;332(7553):1298.
- Siliquini R, Chiado Piat S, Gianino MM, Renga G. Drivers involved in road traffic accidents in Piedmont Region: psychoactive substances consumption. J Prev Med Hyg. 2007 Dec;48(4):123-8.
- Stoduto G, Vingilis E, Kapur BM, Sheu WJ, McLellan BA, Liban CB. Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics. Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Aug;25(4):411-20. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90070-d.
- Drummer OH, Gerostamoulos J, Batziris H, Chu M, Caplehorn J, Robertson MD, Swann P. The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 2004 Mar;36(2):239-48. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00153-7.
- Lacey JH, Kelley-Baker T, Furr-Holden D, Voas RB, Romano E, Ramirez A, et al. 2007 National roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers: Drug results. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2009.
- Blows S, Ivers RQ, Connor J, Ameratunga S, Woodward M, Norton R. Marijuana use and car crash injury. Addiction. 2005 May;100(5):605-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01100.x.
- Asbridge M, Poulin C, Donato A. Motor vehicle collision risk and driving under the influence of cannabis: evidence from adolescents in Atlantic Canada. Accid Anal Prev. 2005 Nov;37(6):1025-34. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.05.006. Epub 2005 Jun 29.
- Adlaf EM, Mann RE, Paglia A. Drinking, cannabis use and driving among Ontario students. CMAJ. 2003 Mar 4;168(5):565-6.
- Fischer B, Rodopoulos J, Rehm J, Ivsins A. Toking and driving: Characteristics of Canadian university students who drive after cannabis use - an exploratory pilot study. Drugs Ed Prev Policy 13:179-87, 2006
- O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Drugs and driving by American high school seniors, 2001-2006. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Nov;68(6):834-42. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.834.
- McGuire F, Dawe M, Shield KD, Rehm J, Fishcher B. Driving under the influence of cannabis or alcohol in a cohort of high-frequency cannabis users: prevalence and reflections on current interventions. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 53(2): 247-259, 2011
- Pope HG Jr, Gruber AJ, Yurgelun-Todd D. The residual neuropsychological effects of cannabis: the current status of research. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Apr;38(1):25-34. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(95)01097-i.
- Heishman SJ, Huestis MA, Henningfield JE, Cone EJ. Acute and residual effects of marijuana: profiles of plasma THC levels, physiological, subjective, and performance measures. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990 Nov;37(3):561-5. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90028-g.
- Smiley A. Marijuana: On-road and driving simulator studies. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving. 2:121-34, 1986
- Crancer A Jr, Dille JM, Delay JC, Wallace JE, Haykin MD. Comparison of the effects of marihuana and alcohol on simulated driving performance. Science. 1969 May 16;164(3881):851-4. doi: 10.1126/science.164.3881.851.
- Cone EJ, Huestis MA. Relating blood concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol and metabolites to pharmacologic effects and time of marijuana usage. Ther Drug Monit. 1993 Dec;15(6):527-32. doi: 10.1097/00007691-199312000-00013.
- Harder S, Rietbrock S. Concentration-effect relationship of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiol and prediction of psychotropic effects after smoking marijuana. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997 Apr;35(4):155-9.
- McLaren J, Swift W, Dillon P, Allsop S. Cannabis potency and contamination: a review of the literature. Addiction. 2008 Jul;103(7):1100-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02230.x. Epub 2008 May 20.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Mental Disorders
- Chemically-Induced Disorders
- Nervous System Diseases
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Neurologic Manifestations
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations
- Marijuana Abuse
- Psychomotor Disorders
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Analgesics
- Sensory System Agents
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Psychotropic Drugs
- Hallucinogens
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators
- Dronabinol
Other Study ID Numbers
- 125/2011
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