Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB)- Effects on Metabolism

Effects of Carbohydrate Containing Diets on Lipid Metabolism & Fatty Acid Oxidation in Healthy Young Men - a Randomized, Double-Blinded Study.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of sugar sweetened beverages on the fat metabolism of healthy young men. It is well known that consumption of beverages sweetened with fructose is associated with different health risks such as type 2 diabetes. The present study has been designed to dissect differences in the metabolic pathways of fructose and glucose, but also metabolic adaptations during fructose, glucose and sucrose diets. During a period of seven weeks subjects will consume either fructose, glucose or sucrose sweetened beverages or continue their usual drinking habits. During these seven weeks there will be different metabolic investigations using stable isotope tracers. First, the rate of lipolysis and beta-oxidation will be determined. Second, the rates of fatty acid synthesis will be measured. During all examinations there will also be substrate- and energy-utilization measurements by indirect calorimetry, blood analysis and morphometric measurements. Based on the literature main hypotheses are: Fructose enhances de novo lipogenesis postprandially and also in the fasting state significantly more than glucose by enhanced expression of lipogenic enzymes. Fructose decreases beta oxidation via downregulation of oxidative enzymes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metabolism
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Soft drink consumption

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 96
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • ZH
    • Zurich, ZH, Switzerland, 8091
      • University Hospital Zurich, Endocrinology and Diabetology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion criteria:

• Healthy male volunteers aged 18-30
• BMI between 19-24 kg/m2
• Non-smoker

Exclusion criteria:

• Acute or chronic infections, malignant disease, renal, hepatic (more than two-fold increased transaminases), pulmonary, neurological (epilepsy) or psychiatric diseases, manifested atherosclerosis, or any other disease precluding participation in the study.
• Diabetes
• Known alcohol, substance or drug abuse, concomitant medication
• More than three hours of physical exercise per week
• Consumption of more than 2 times 3 dl SSB daily
• Subjects likely to fail to comply with the study protocol
• Subjects who do not give informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: fructose sweetened beverage; Soft drink consumption: Subjects have to drink a fructose sweetened beverage (3x 200ml per day, 13.3g fructose/100ml) during 7 weeks	Procedure: Soft drink consumption
Experimental: glucose sweetened beverage; Soft drink consumption: Subjects have to drink a glucose sweetened beverage (3x 200ml per day, 13.3g glucose/100ml) during 7 weeks	Procedure: Soft drink consumption
Experimental: sucrose sweetened beverage; Soft drink consumption: Subjects have to drink a sucrose sweetened beverage (3x 200ml per day, 13.3g sucrose/100ml) during 7 weeks	Procedure: Soft drink consumption
Experimental: No change of eating habits; No Soft drink consumption (no soft drink diet): Subjects do not change their eating habits during 7 weeks	Procedure: Soft drink consumption

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lipogenesis	Measurement of lipogenesis is based on i. v. administration of stable isotope labelled acetate (1,2-13C-acetate). 13C incorporation into palmitate is quantified by mass-spectrometry. 13C incorporation correlates to the rate of fatty acid synthesis.	After total 6 weeks dietary intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lipolysis	Measurements using stable isotopes	After total 6 weeks dietary intervention

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Waist/Hip Ratio	Measurement waist/hip ratio using a nonstretchable band	After total 6 weeks dietary intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Zurich
• Collaborators: University of Lausanne; SNF Swiss National Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Philipp Gerber, MD, University Hospital Zurich, Endocrinology and Diabetology

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Geidl-Flueck B, Hochuli M, Nemeth A, Eberl A, Derron N, Kofeler HC, Tappy L, Berneis K, Spinas GA, Gerber PA. Fructose- and sucrose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis: A randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2021 Jul;75(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.027. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 9, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 26, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): November 27, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 12, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 10, 2016
• Last Verified: May 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: fructose; sugar sweetened beverages; lipogenesis; beta-oxidation
• Other Study ID Numbers: SSB-Effects on metabolism