Comparison of Double Kissing Culotte Stenting With Double Kissing Crush Stenting for True Bifurcation Lesions

Comparison of Double Kissing Culotte Stenting With Double Kissing Crush Stenting in the Treatment of True Bifurcation Lesions: a Multicenter, Noninferior, Randomized, Controlled Trial (the DK Culotte-I Study)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesion (BL) remains a challenging task. The DK-crush have been established as a safe and efficacious dual-stenting technique, which can effectively improve the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) and reduce long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). However, in the clinical real world, especially when the bifurcation angle was relatively small, the DK-crush still has several limitations, such as kissing unsatisfied (KUS), relatively complex wiring or rewiring technique, incomplete stent coverage in the distal side of the side-branch ostium and near the carina, severe stent deformation or evenly acute stent destruction. Our observational study showed that the DK-culotte was also a safe and feasible dual-stenting technique and was equal to DK-crush in terms of improving FKBI and MACE. Nonetheless, there remain no studies for head-to-head comparison of clinical outcomes between the two approaches. We, thereby, carry out a multicentre, non-inferior, randomized and controlled trial to compare DK-culotte stenting versus DK-crush stenting in the treatment of true BL.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coronary Heart Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Resolute stents

Detailed Description

How to properly treat coronary bifurcation lesion (BL) is still controversial in the field of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The current guidelines recommended simpler strategies, single crossover stenting or provisional stenting, as the preferred treatment. However, the acute occlusion or loss of important branches, which affects immediate as well as long-term outcomes, may result from such simpler strategies as treating severe true bifurcation lesion (TBL). Therefore, for the procedural safety, double stenting is clinically necessary particularly in treatment of major vessel bifurcation lesions.

Up to date, a great number of double-stenting techniques have been introduced clinically: crush stenting (classic crush, mini-crush, step-crush, DK-crush), culotte stenting (classic or modified culotte stenting), T-stenting (classic or modified T), and V-stenting (step V-stenting, simultaneous kissing stenting). Of which, crush-based and culotte-based stenting have been the most popular techniques.

The DK-crush has been demonstrated as a safe and efficient procedure, which can effectively elevate the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) and reduce long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). However, in the clinical real world, especially when the bifurcation angle was relative small or parallel, the DK-crush still has several limitations: (1) although initial kissing balloon inflation (IKBI) can push away the struts covering the side-branch ostium and remold the geometric shape of orifice, redundant struts will be crushed aside onto parent-vessel wall and the side-branch ostium, thereby inducing turbulent flow due to local unsmooth vessel lumen; (2) once the main-vessel stent was released, the side-branch orifice will be squeezed crushed again, thus resulting in stent deformation, malapposition or incomplete coverage near the bifurcation arena and carina; (3) because of deformation or crush of the side-branch stent at its ostium, rewiring the side-branch may be extremely hard with subsequent balloon passing difficulty, leading to low quality or failure of FKBI, or sometimes stent destruction as the wire runs out of the stent.

Culotte-based stenting has been demonstrated superior to crush-based stenting in reduction of the side-branch restenosis though overall MACE is similar in Nordic studies [PMID: 20031690]. However, it is an essential requirement of similar size of the two branches when using the conventional culotte stenting. As firstly described by us, the modified culotte stenting [PMID: 22088451], to start with stenting the side-branch (smaller branch) and by pre-imbedding a balloon in the main-branch for prevention of acute branch loss, has no strict requirement of similar size of the two branches and has been proven to be a safe and efficient procedure for treatment of TBL. However, if the diameter difference between two branches is too much (>0.75 mm), a circular under-expansion band (CUEB) of main-branch stent in the parent vessel near the bifurcation arena will frequently occurred since the side-branch stent implanted earlier will limit the expansion of the main-branch stent implanted subsequently by its side-hole and the portion protruding into the parent vessel, leading to local stent malapposition and the risk of in-stent thrombosis. For overcome CUEB, we further improved culotte-based stenting to order to develop a novel culotte stenting, the DK-mini-culotte stenting, by the following modifications: (1) pre-imbedding a balloon in the main-branch for prevention of acute vessel loss, (2) firstly stenting the smaller side-branch with shorter protrusion (mini-protrusion) of the stent into the parent vessel, (3) performing IKBI prior to the main-branch stenting for fully expanding the side-hole and protruded portion of the side-branch stent, (4) finally stenting main-branch after IKBI, followed by FKBI.

Our series studies, including mimic stenting in artificial vessel in vitro, hemodynamics and flow-field investigations in vitro or in vivo, and pilot clinical observation, have demonstrated that the DK-mini-culotte stenting is necessary for the achievement of high-quality hemodynamic and morphological results, and is superior to the crush-based techniques for treating TBL.

Particularly, our initial clinical experience has shown the DK-mini-culotte stenting has several advantages: (1) efficiently eliminating CUEB and preventing stent malapposition by IKBI;(2) technically easier to be performed, particularly for wiring/rewiring and for balloon passing during IKBI and FKBI; (3) technically safer to complete the procedure, especially for preventing the acute vessel occlusion or loss; (4) effectively preventing the deformation and collapse that occasionally happened when using the crush-based stenting; (5) mostly close to the general technique for treating BL regardless of size difference of branches and bifurcation angle; (6) potentially long-term benefits because of complete and even stent coverage in the treated segments particularly in the bifurcation arena and carina. However, there remains no strictly compared study to validate whether the above-mentioned technical superiorities can be translated into clinical benefits as using the DK-mini-culotte stenting for treatment of BL.

So, we hypothesized that the DK-mini-culotte stenting is not only feasible technically but also may be superior to or at least not inferior to the DK-crush stenting in terms of reducing in-stent restenosis and MACE. Hereby, we now carry out a head-to-head, prospective, multicentre, non-inferior, randomized and controlled study to compare DK-culotte stenting versus DK-crush stenting in the treatment of TBL.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 328
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing
    • Beijing, Beijing, China, 100029
      • Beijing Anzhen Hospital
    • Beijing, Beijing, China, 100024
      • Peking University first hospital
  • Fujian
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350001
      • Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University
    • Quanzhou, Fujian, China, 362002
      • Quanzhou First Hospital
  • Jiangsu
    • Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210006
      • Nanjing First Hospital
    • Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210009
      • Southeast University Zhongda Hospital
  • Shanghai
    • Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200032
      • Zhongshan Hospital
    • Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200030
      • Shanghai Chest Hospital
    • Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200127
      • Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University
    • Shanghai, Shanghai, China
      • East Hospital of Tongji University
    • Shanghai, Shanghai, China
      • Xinhua Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310016
      • Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with age of ≥18 and ≤80 years old.
2. Patients with stable or unstable angina, or NSTEMI.
3. De novo true bifurcation lesions (Medina 0,1,1/1,1,1/1,0,1); MV diameter ≥2.5mm and SB diameter ≥2.25.
4. Lesions suitable for PCI (the SYNTAX score <32 if lesions located at LM bifurcation).
5. Patients willing to receive all protocol-required evaluations.
6. Patients completely understand the trial requirements and treatment procedures and provide written informed consent before any trial-specific tests or procedures are performed.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with STEMI (within 24-hour from the onset of chest pain to admission).
2. Lesions not suitable for PCI (the SYNTAX score ≥32 if lesions located at LM bifurcation, or any PCI-related contraindications including patient conditions and/or lesion characteristics).
3. A Chronic total occlusion lesion involved in bifurcation
4. Lesion with severe calcification that required for rotational atherectomy.
5. Patients intolerable to long-term dual anti-platelet therapy.
6. Patients with obvious hematopoietic disorders (e.g., platelet count< 100×10^9/L or >700×10^9/L, leukocyte count<3×10^9/L).
7. Patients with active bleeding and obviously hemorrhagic tendency (e.g., active ulcer, recent ischemic stroke, previous hemorrhagic stroke, intracranial malignant tumors, recent craniocerebral trauma, or any other active bleeding or hemorrhagic tendency with difficult hemostasis
8. Patients with serious renal insufficiency (Scr<30ml/min) or hepatic insufficiency (ALT≧3 times of normal upper limit), heart failure (NYHA class >III class).
9. Patients with any other serious medical illness that life expectancy is less than 12 months.
10. Woman with pregnancy or planning to pregnancy
11. Patients with known allergy to the study stent system (sirolimus, everolimus, zotarolimus) or to protocol-required concomitant medications
12. Patients with a planned or planning procedure that may cause non-compliance with the present protocol or confound data interpretation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: DK-culotte & Resolute stents; Double kissing culotte technique for true bifurcation lesion with Resolute stents	Device: Resolute stents; zotarolimus-eluting Resolute stents made by Medtronic Vascular, Inc (http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm294951.htm).; Other Names: zotarolimus-eluting stents
Active Comparator: DK-crush & Resolute stents; Double kissing crush technique for true bifurcation lesion with Resolute stents	Device: Resolute stents; zotarolimus-eluting Resolute stents made by Medtronic Vascular, Inc (http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm294951.htm).; Other Names: zotarolimus-eluting stents

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of target-lesion failure	Rate of target-lesion failure, including cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months after the procedure.	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of target-lesion failure at 30 days,6 months and 24 months after the procedure.	Rate of target-lesion failure, including cardiac death, target-vessel MI, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 30 days,6 months and 24 months after the procedure.	Up to 2 years
Rate of major adverse cardiac event(MACE）at 30 days，6 months，12 months and 24 months after the procedure.	Major adverse cardiac event, including all caused death, all MI, or any vessel revascularization at 30 days，6 months，12 months and 24 after the procedure.	Immidiately to 24 months after procedure
Number of participants with in-stent thrombosis		Up to 2 years
NYHA functional class		Immidiately to 24 months after procedure
Angina CCS classification		Up to 2 years
Late lumen loss,in-stent and in-segment restenosis	Late lumen loss,in-stent and in-segment restenosis which defined as angiographical primary outcome measure, in main vessel (MV) and side branch (SB) identified by angiography at 12th month after PCI	12 months
Elevation of myocardial markers (CK-MB, cTnT or cTnI) associated with the procedure baseline and 6, 12, or 12 hours after procedure	Elevation of myocardial markers (CK-MB, cTnT or cTnI) associated with the procedure baseline and 6, 12, or 12 hours after procedure	Baseline and 6, 12, or 12 hours after procedure
Braunwald classification		Up to 2 years

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of participants who experienced stroke		up to 2 years
Contrast volume used procedurally		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
Procedural time		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
Procedural X-ray exposure time		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
Procedural X-ray dosage		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
All-procedure, angiographic, and fluoroscopic dosage-area product (DAP)		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
Device consumption for the procedure	Device consumption is defined as the number and type of catheter, guidewire, balloon and stent used procedurally.	1 day (Immidiately after procedure)
Guiding catheter size used		1 day (Immidiately after procedure)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fujian Medical University
• Collaborators: Jetmed（Beijing）Co.,Ltd.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Lianglong Chen, PhD, MD, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): December 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 9, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 27, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): November 28, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 27, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 25, 2022
• Last Verified: September 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: clinical trial; Coronary heart disease;; Percutaneous coronary intervention;; Bifurcation lesion;; Double kissing culotte technique
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Heart Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Myocardial Ischemia; Coronary Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: the DK CULOTTE-I study