- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02417350
Ketogenic Diet - a Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Study
A Randomized Controlled Diet Intervention Comparing Effects of a Ketogenic Diet Versus a National Food Administration Recommended Diet Among Healthy Female Adults
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Aim: The aim of this randomized controlled exploratory study is to study effects of a ketogenic diet (a low carb - high fat (LCHF) diet) compared to a National Food Administration (NFA) recommended diet (NNR2012).
Primary outcomes are blood lipids and diet specific biomarkers. Power calculations show that 20 participants are needed to obtain significant results with 90% power at the 95% significance level for the primary outcome small-dense LDL (blood lipids). The investigators calculate that 20% of the participants will drop out before the end of the study, and therefore the investigators aim to recruit a total of 24 participants.
Secondary outcomes are body composition, gut microbiota, energy substrate utilization, exercise performance, resting metabolic rate (RMR), hormones, cognition, sweet cravings, and the experience of following the two dietary regimes.
Study design: Study participants will be female nutrition students with both knowledge and interest in dietary surveys, in order to increase motivation and adherence. The women should be weight stable and maintain their physical activity during the study, in order to evaluate how the diet itself affects various health parameters.
Study participants will be provided with all food in the diet intervention. The amount and source of fat, protein and carbohydrates in the two diets are strictly defined; LCHF: Maximum 25 g carbohydrates/day (approximately 5 E%), 20 E% protein and 75 E% fat (35 E% saturated fat). NNR2012: 50 E% carbohydrates, 20 E% protein and 30 E% fat (10 E% saturated fat).
Study participants will be randomized with respect to their physical activity level to one of two study arms, with crossover design:
Study arm 1: LHCF (4 weeks) --- washout (15 weeks) --- NNR (4 weeks) Study arm 2: NNR (4 weeks) --- washout (15 weeks) --- LCHF (4 weeks)
Study participants will eat each diet for four weeks. The different diets are separated by a washout period when they eat "as usual".
Every morning during each four-week diet period the participants will measure their urine ketones by using urine ketone strips, weigh themselves and record their body weight. Any discrepancies in food intake will be recorded in a log book in which also the daily physical activity level is specified. Energy expenditure will be measured for three days during the four week periods using SenseWear activity meter (a validated and objective method) to see if energy intake matches energy expenditure.
Baseline- and outcome measurements will be performed prior to and at the end of each four-week diet period.
Qualitative measurements: When the whole diet study is completed and the research subjects have experience of eating both NNR and LCHF diet interviews will be conducted with some of the research subjects.
The study is expected to reveal whether LCHF is a healthy or unhealthy diet in the short term. The investigators also expect that data from this study will be a helpful tool to measure diet adherence in future long-term studies.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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-
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Umeå, Sweden, 90187
- Department of Food and Nutrition
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female
- Age 18-30
- BMI 18,5-25
Exclusion Criteria:
- Waist circumference ≥80 cm
- Gravidity
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disease
- Prescribed medication for high cholesterol or high blood pressure
- Nicotine use
- Eating disorder
- Dietary restrictions
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Ketogenic diet first
Starting with ketogenic diet first and then switching to a NFA recommended diet
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Experimental: NFA recommended diet first
Starting with NFA recommended diet first and then switching to a ketogenic diet
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Biomarkers in blood Measured with gaschromatography (GC)-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (MS) and Bio-Plex Assays
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
|
Measured with gaschromatography (GC)-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (MS) and Bio-Plex Assays
|
baseline - four weeks
|
Blood lipids Measured with LipoPrint System
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with LipoPrint System
|
baseline - four weeks
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Body composition Measured with DXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry)
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
|
Measured with DXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry)
|
baseline - four weeks
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Gut microbiota measured with High-throughput sequencing of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), short-chain fatty acids
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
|
High-throughput sequencing of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), short-chain fatty acids
|
baseline - four weeks
|
Energy substrate utilization during submaximal exercise Measured with indirect calorimetry during ergometer cycling, lactate in blood.
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with indirect calorimetry during ergometer cycling, lactate in blood.
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baseline - four weeks
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Exercise performance
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
|
Cycling at a sub-maximal work rate with increments every 4 min for three periods, thereafter increased work rate every minute until voluntary exhaustion.
|
baseline - four weeks
|
Hand grip endurance
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Hand grip test.
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baseline - four weeks
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Resting metabolic rate Measured with indirect calorimetry
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with indirect calorimetry (Quark RMR, COSMED)
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baseline - four weeks
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Hormones Measured with Bio-Plex Assays and ELISA
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with Bio-Plex Assays and ELISA
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baseline - four weeks
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Cognition Measured with the Stroop color-word test
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with the Stroop color-word test
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baseline - four weeks
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Sweet cravings Measured with a likert scale questionnaire
Time Frame: baseline - four weeks
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Measured with a likert scale questionnaire
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baseline - four weeks
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Mood and appetite Measured with a likert scale questionnaire
Time Frame: baseline - every third day during the diet intervention period - four weeks
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Measured with a likert scale questionnaire
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baseline - every third day during the diet intervention period - four weeks
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Experiences of following a particular dietary regime measured with Semi-structured interviews analyzed with content analysis
Time Frame: After finishing both study arms
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Semi-structured interviews analyzed with content analysis
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After finishing both study arms
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jonas Burén, PhD, Umea University
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- LCHF-100
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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