- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02446184
Fetal Cystoscopy for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
Fetal Cystoscopy for Severe Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction - a Prospective Trial
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Patients with severe LUTO will come for clinical evaluation as part of the standard clinical care at the Fetal Center at Texas Children's Hospital. Once the diagnosis of fetal severe LUTO is confirmed and the patient is considered for fetal intervention, patient will be invited to participate in the present study. Fetal cystoscopy will be offered as an optional experimental procedure.
The following information will be obtained in the standard clinical care visit as usual: a. demographics (maternal age, parity); b. gestational age at the diagnosis of LUTO; c. fetal ultrasound findings including documentation of cervical length, gestational age,fetal bladder size, bladder wall thickness, degree of fetal hydronephrosis, amount of amniotic fluid, fetal biometry; d. fetal urinary biochemistry; e. fetal echocardiogram findings.
The standard management options for fetal LUTO include expectant management, fetal vesico-amniotic shunting or termination of pregnancy according to the law. These options will be offered to all patients as the first set of management options and the gold standard. In addition, the investigators group will offer the procedure as an alternative experimental option, with a full explanation of the experimental nature of the procedure, the technical benefits and difficulties, and the risks and potential benefits of the procedure and the limited long-term outcomes information. Those patients who request participation in the present study will be informed that they can, a priori, select a crossover arm if for any reason the fetal cystoscopic procedure is not possible. They can elect that a fetal vesico-amniotic shunting be performed or prenatal expectant management or even termination of pregnancy (as part of the standard management of fetuses with LUTO).
Participation in the study:
Once the patient is deemed eligible, all prenatal standard management options will be offered first to the patient. Fetal cystoscopy will be offered as an investigational procedure for evaluation. If the patient opts for the fetal cystoscopy, we will explain that this procedure can be diagnostic and therapeutic. In order to prevent coercion, the investigation procedure will be presented to the patient in a manner that is an option and voluntary, if the patient chooses not to participate in the investigational procedure, the clinical care will not be affected. Informed consent to participate in the present study will be obtained. We will also include non-English speaking subjects in the present study. We will submit a full Spanish consent via amendment for IRB approval after approval of the English consent. We will not enroll any non-English subjects until we receive final approval. The study flow is demonstrated in Figure 1 (see attached document).
Description of the fetal cystoscopy procedure (experimental procedure):
Fetal cystoscopy will be performed between 16 0/7 and 25 6/7 weeks at the Pavilion for Women - TCH. This procedure will be performed under maternal local anesthesia and sedation. In some cases, according to the anesthesiologist's indication, maternal epidural may be performed. Fetal anesthesia will be performed by ultrasound-guided injection into fetal arm or leg of a combination of fentanyl (15µglKg), atropine and vecuronium (0.5-2mg/Kg).
Prophylactic tocolysis will be used in all patients with a protocol employing magnesium sulfate - 6 gram IV loading dose followed by a 2 gram/hour continuous infusion for 24 hours, followed by nifedipine 10mg Q6 during until 36 weeks of gestation.
Prophylactic antibiotics will also be used during the procedure using Cefazolin 2 g IV immediately before the procedure. Nafcillin will be injected into the amniotic cavity at the conclusion of the procedure. In case the patient has allergies to cephalosporin, clindamycin 600 mg will be used as alternative.
Steroids for fetal lung maturation will be given between 24 and 25 6/7 weeks (two doses of 12 mg betamethasone given 24 hours apart, with the last dose given 48-72 hours before the procedure), if the procedure is performed during this gestational period.
The procedure will be performed percutaneously under ultrasound-fetoscopic guidance. An 18G needle will be introduced into the fetal bladder through the maternal abdominal wall and uterus under ultrasound guidance. Using a Seldinger technique an 8-9Fr Cook trocar will be inserted through the maternal wall towards the fetal bladder. A curved Storz sheath for 1.3 mm (11530AA, Karl Storz, Tuttlinglen, Germany) or 2.0 mm fetoscopy (26120BA, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) or flexible ureteroscope will be introduced into the Cook catheter into the fetal bladder. After confirming that the trochar is inside the fetal bladder, urine samples will be collected for further renal function analysis. The fetoscope will be advanced toward the bladder neck and the dilated posterior urethra. If a membrane-like obstruction of the urethral lumen is seen, the diagnosis of PUV will be confirmed and at this time the valves will be fulgurated using a Diode laser with low energy (15-20W). If necessary, we will use a guide-wire to perforate the valves. Fulguration of the valves will be performed very cautiously with the laser fiber almost touching them in order to avoid damaging peripheral tissues. When the valves are completely disrupted, the urine will be released through the now patent urethra, which results in emptying the bladder. A transurethral shunt may be placed depending on the cause of the obstruction (urethral stenosis). In addition, power Doppler will be applied to confirm passage of fluid through the patent urethra into the amniotic cavity. However, if a non membrane-like structure is found, even with the fluid injection or the guide-wire, urethral atresia (UA, US or Prune Belly syndrome) will be diagnosed and we will not attempt to perforate this structure. A vesicoamniotic shunting placement will be performed in this situation depending on the patient's consent prior to the surgery.
The postsurgical care is going to follow the same standard prenatal care after fetal vesico-amniotic shunting. The expected hospital course is 72 hours as it is also expected for fetal vesico-amniotic shunting; however, it is possible that the patient will be hospitalized for complications or preterm labor. The patient will then be discharged home with recommendations for modified bed rest for the first 2 weeks post discharge, but will subsequently be allowed to graduate to moderate activity if the uterus is quiescent. Patients will return on a weekly basis for clinical and ultrasound evaluation. On ultrasound, fetal kidneys, bladder thickness and dilatation, and amniotic fluid volume will be assessed. Fetal Surveillance by biophysical profiles and Doppler studies will begin at 34 weeks
Delivery mode will be performed based on the obstetrical management following the investigators clinical algorithm.
The subjects that undergo fetal cystoscopy will have exactly the same postnatal routine (standard of care) clinical follow-up that is provided to all infants with LUTO. All infants with LUTO are followed-up by the pediatric urology and nephrology services and may need postnatal surgical intervention. At birth, the clinical evaluation will include a renal ultrasound, voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG) as well as clinical laboratory examinations such as serum creatinine, sodium, calcium, potassium and chloride, and a urine analysis will be performed as part of the standard clinical care. Information from these routine examinations will be collected and documented.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Texas
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Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
- Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Fetus with LUTO, dilated bladder, "keyhole sign" and bilateral hydronephrosis
- Oligohydramnios or Anhydramnios after 18 weeks
- "Favorable urine analysis after 18 weeks (urinary sodium is < 100mEq/L, chloride < 90mEq/L, osmolarity <200mOsm/L and β2-microglobulin <6mg/L 7)
- Absence of chromosomal abnormalities and associated anomalies (Normal karyotype by invasive testing (amniocentesis or CVS))
- Gestational age at the time of the procedure will be between 16 0/7 weeks and 25 6/7 weeks
Exclusion Criteria:
- Fetal anomaly unrelated to LUTO
- Congenital cardiac anomaly
- Increased risk for preterm labor including short cervical length (<1.5 cm), history of incompetent cervix with or without cerclage, and previous preterm birth
- Placental abnormalities (previa, abruption, accreta) known at time of enrollment - A body-mass index ≥ 35
- Contraindications to surgery including previous hysterotomy in active uterine segment
- Technical limitations precluding fetoscopic surgery, such as uterine fibroids, fetal membrane separation, uterine anomalies incompatible with fetoscopy
- Maternal-fetal Rh isoimmunization, Kell sensitization or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia affecting the current pregnancy
- Maternal HIV, Hepatitis-B, Hepatitis-C status positive because of the increased risk of transmission to the fetus during maternal-fetal surgery. If the patient's HIV or Hepatitis status is unknown, the patient must be tested and found to have negative results before enrollment
- Maternal medical condition that is a contraindication to surgery or anesthesia
- Patient does not have a support person (ie. Spouse, partner, mother) available to support the patient for the duration of the pregnancy at Texas Children's Hospital/Ronald McDonald House
- Patient does not have healthy insurance to cover routine clinical care at Texas Children's Hospital including prenatal care, prenatal ultrasound, amniocentesis, tocolysis, admission, delivery, and fetal vesico-amniotic shunting. The exception will be fetal cystoscopy which is considered an experimental procedure.
- Inability to comply with the travel and follow-up requirements of the trial
- Participation in another intervention study that influences maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality or participation in this trial in a previous pregnancy
- Patients declining invasive testing
- Family does not meet psychosocial criteria.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Non-Randomized
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Fetal cystoscopy
Fetal cystoscopy will be performed under maternal local anesthesia and fetal anesthesia.
The dilated posterior urethra will be directly evaluated.
Laser fulguration will be performed in case of posterior urethral valves.
However, if a non membrane-like structure is found, even with the fluid injection or the guide-wire, urethral atresia (UA, US or Prune Belly syndrome) will be diagnosed and we will not attempt to perforate this structure.
A vesicoamniotic shunting placement will be performed in this situation depending on the patient's consent prior to the surgery.
|
Fetal cystoscopy will be performed under maternal local anesthesia and fetal anesthesia.
The dilated posterior urethra will be directly evaluated.
Laser fulguration will be performed in case of posterior urethral valves.
However, if a non membrane-like structure is found, even with the fluid injection or the guide-wire, urethral atresia (UA, US or Prune Belly syndrome) will be diagnosed and we will not attempt to perforate this structure.
A vesicoamniotic shunting placement will be performed in this situation depending on the patient's consent prior to the surgery.
|
Active Comparator: Vesicoamniotic shunt
The fetal vesicoamniotic shunt is considered the standard prenatal therapy for severe LUTO.
Amnioinfusion and vesicoamniotic shunt placement will be performed under ultrasound guidance.
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Fetal vesicoamniotic shunt will be performed under ultrasound guidance
Other Names:
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No Intervention: No fetal intervention group
Those patients that refuse fetal intervention and do not elect to terminate the pregnancy will be followed as part of the no fetal intervention group.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Postnatal survival at 2 years of life
Time Frame: 2 years
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We will evaluate the survival rate at 2 years of life
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2 years
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Postnatal renal function at 2 years of life
Time Frame: 2 years
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We will evaluate the renal function at 2 years of life based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
In addition, we will evaluate the need for dialysis and renal transplant.
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2 years
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Michael A Belfort, MD, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine
- Principal Investigator: Rodrigo Ruano, MD, PhD, Baylor Colleg of Medicine (Previously); Mayo Clinic (currently)
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Ruano R, Pimenta EJ, Duarte S, Zugaib M. Four-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction and guidance of percutaneous cystoscopy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Feb;33(2):250-2. doi: 10.1002/uog.6292. No abstract available.
- Ruano R, Duarte S, Bunduki V, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M. Fetal cystoscopy for severe lower urinary tract obstruction--initial experience of a single center. Prenat Diagn. 2010 Jan;30(1):30-9. doi: 10.1002/pd.2418.
- Ruano R, Yoshisaki CT, Salustiano EM, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M. Early fetal cystoscopy for first-trimester severe megacystis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;37(6):696-701. doi: 10.1002/uog.8963.
- Morris RK, Ruano R, Kilby MD. Effectiveness of fetal cystoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;37(6):629-37. doi: 10.1002/uog.8981. Epub 2011 May 16.
- Ruano R. Fetal surgery for severe lower urinary tract obstruction. Prenat Diagn. 2011 Jul;31(7):667-74. doi: 10.1002/pd.2736. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
- Ethun CG, Zamora IJ, Roth DR, Kale A, Cisek L, Belfort MA, Haeri S, Ruano R, Welty SE, Cassady CI, Olutoye OO, Cass DL. Outcomes of fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction treated with vesicoamniotic shunt: a single-institution experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2013 May;48(5):956-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.011.
- Ruano R, Yoshizaki CT, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M. Cystoscopic placement of transurethral stent in a fetus with urethral stenosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Aug;44(2):238-40. doi: 10.1002/uog.13293. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
- Sananes N, Favre R, Koh CJ, Zaloszyc A, Braun MC, Roth DR, Moog R, Becmeur F, Belfort MA, Ruano R. Urological fistulas after fetal cystoscopic laser ablation of posterior urethral valves: surgical technical aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;45(2):183-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.13405.
- Ruano R, Sananes N, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Hernandez-Ruano S, Moog R, Becmeur F, Zaloszyc A, Giron AM, Morin B, Favre R. Fetal intervention for severe lower urinary tract obstruction: a multicenter case-control study comparing fetal cystoscopy with vesicoamniotic shunting. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Apr;45(4):452-8. doi: 10.1002/uog.14652. Epub 2015 Mar 2.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- BCM H33626
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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