UCSF TARA Study: Training for Awareness, Resilience and Action

University of California San Francisco (UCSF) TARA Study: Training for Awareness, Resilience and Action

The investigators aim to refine and pilot test an innovative group treatment model for adolescent depression and anxiety, Training for Awareness, Resilience and Action (TARA) in a sample of 14-18 year olds with depressive or anxious symptoms.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Depression; Anxiety
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: TARA

Detailed Description

The investigators aim to refine and pilot test an innovative group treatment model for adolescent depression and anxiety, Training for Awareness, Resilience and Action (TARA). TARA is based on our current understanding of the neuroscience of adolescent depression and anxiety. It employs specific approaches drawn from mindfulness practices and yoga to promote physiological regulation and attention modulation, emotion regulation, and cognitive control. The investigators will perform three initial (non-randomized) beta tests with 6-12 participants each to refine our intervention manual. The investigators will enroll up to 30 participants total, aged 14-18 with depression and/or anxiety symptoms, to receive the TARA intervention. The investigators hypothesize that TARA will be feasible in terms of recruitment, retention, adherence, and participant receptivity to the intervention as gauged through feedback surveys and a focus group. The primary outcomes are depression symptoms assessed with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS-2) and anxiety symptoms assessed with the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). Secondary outcomes include self-reported emotion regulation and attention/awareness. The investigators hypothesize that participants will show improvements in these measures. In a small subset of participants, the investigators will also test the feasibility of using functional MRI (fMRI) before and after the intervention to measure the underlying neurobiological effects of TARA. The aim is to develop a protocol for possible future use in a larger study to examine effects of the intervention on patterns of amygdala activation linked with adolescent depression.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94115
      • UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 18 years (ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 14-18 years old, and not yet graduated from high school.
• Post-pubertal (Tanner Stage , stage 3+).
• CDRS-R score≥35 or MASC score≥56.
• Currently under the care of a physician or mental health provider for depression and/or anxiety.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current comorbidity of psychosis, severe anorexia nervosa, PTSD, severe self-mutilation, severe suicidal ideation or attempt in past 3 mos.
• Comorbidity (lifetime) of bipolar disorder, low-functioning autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability (estimated intelligence quotient < 80).
• A substance abuse, mental health, or medical condition that, in the opinion of investigators, will make it difficult for the potential participant to participate in the group intervention.
• Non English speaker.
• Current mindfulness training (e.g. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction or Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy or Dialectical Behavior Therapy) and/or practice with a typically sitting meditation or yoga of 20 or more minutes two or more times per week for the past two months.
• Unable to attend study assessments and classes in San Francisco as scheduled.
• Special exclusion criteria will be applied for fMRI participation for safety reasons (pregnancy, claustrophobia, metallic implants); left-handedness; and for task performance (colorblindness or less than 20/40 correctable vision); not willing to abstain from alcohol and/or drugs for 2 weeks prior to the MRI . These participants can be included in the study but will be excluded from participation in fMRI.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NA
• Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

EXPERIMENTAL: TARA Intervention group; TARA is comprised of 12 weekly classes delivered in a group format by two trained facilitators with approximately 8-15 participants. The 90 minute sessions are designed to promote skills for autonomic regulation, attention modulation, emotion regulation and cognitive control.

Behavioral: TARA; The intervention consists of four 3-week modules: 1. Autonomic regulation: Learning and practicing the ability to create a calm and safe inner state through breathing exercises and movement/physical activity. 2. Interoceptive awareness: Attention training, targeting external stimuli then sensory stimuli using short body scan exercises and guided meditations. 3.Emotion regulation: Recognizing, labeling, externalizing, and befriending emotions. 4. Metacognition, core-values, and committed action: Understanding social triggers to negative emotions and experiential avoidance strategies and their impact on obtaining desired life-goals. Home practice of TARA skills is encouraged, with breathing instructions and short, guided meditations provided via audio tracks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS-2)	Self report, 30-item measure of 4 dimensions of depression: Dysphoric Mood, Anhedonia/Negative Affect, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Somatic Complaints	Change from 0 to 3 months
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)	Self report measure of anxiety,with 39 items distributed across four major factors, three of which can be parsed into two subfactors each. Main and subfactors include (1) physical symptoms (tense/restless and somatic/autonomic), (2) social anxiety (humiliation/rejection and public performance fears), (3) harm avoidance (perfectionism and anxious coping), and (4) separation anxiety.	Change from 0 to 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS-R)	Standardized rating scale depression based on semi-structured interview. Seventeen symptom areas are assessed during the interview with a 5 or 7 point rating scale for each of the 17 domains. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 being least severe (no difficulties) to 7 indicating severe clinical difficulties. Domains assessed align with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for childhood depression.	0, 3, and 6mos
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)	Self-report, 7-item assessment scale for sleeping problems.	0, 3, and 6 mos
Affective Reactivity Index (ARI)	Self-report, 6-item measure of irritability in children and teenagers.	0, 3, and 6 mos
The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8)	8-item self-report measure of psychological inflexibility fostered by: (1) Cognitive fusion (2) Experiential avoidance (3) Inaction or behavioral ineffectiveness in the presence of unwanted internal experiences.	0, 3, and 6 mos
Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)	10-item self-report measure of acceptance and mindfulness for youth.	0, 3, and 6 mos
Dot-Probe Attention Task	Motivated attention task administered via computer to capture attentional bias toward emotional cues.	0, 3, and 6 mos

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco
• Collaborators: Edgewood Center for Children and Families
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Rick M Hecht, MD, University of California, San Francisco

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2015
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 10, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 19, 2015
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): June 24, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): March 22, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 7, 2022
• Last Verified: March 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: mindfulness; fMRI; intervention; emotion regulation; yoga-based movement
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Depression
• Other Study ID Numbers: 13-12380