Sensor and Electronic Health Records (EHR) Integration Pilot Study

Enabling Innovative Respiratory Real World Evidence Generation: Sensor and EHR Integration Pilot Study

This is a pilot study that will evaluate the feasibility of collecting increasing amounts of clinical study data from subjects through sensor and web/app based methods and integrating it with data from their EHR to facilitate more efficient and meaningful research with acceptable quality. Approximately 100 subjects with asthma and 100 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be enrolled in this prospective study. The subjects will be identified through integrated EHR records following which eligible subjects will receive study devices and training on proper use of the devices at Baseline visit. Data will be collected remotely from subject reports, devices and sensors over six months.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Mobile spirometer; Device: Device sensor; Drug: Salbutamol; Device: Activity monitor; Other: electronic diary card; Other: CAT; Other: ACT

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 194

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Danville, Pennsylvania, United States, 17822
      • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Two cohorts consisting of approximately 100 subjects each with COPD and asthma identified through EHR database analyses will be included.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

COPD cohort

• Provide signed and dated informed consent form.
• Be willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study.
• Age >=40 years
• Diagnosed with COPD, defined as COPD listed on the subject's problem list and one of the following: a) At least one inpatient hospitalization with a COPD diagnosis listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis (J41.x, J42.x, J44.x [chronic bronchitis], J43.9 [emphysema] or J44.9 [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified]) in the last 12 months b) At least two outpatient encounters with a diagnosis of COPD exacerbation (J44.1), Acute bronchitis (J20.x), or bronchitis (J40) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis, with different dates of service in the last 12 months c) At least one emergency room encounter with a COPD diagnosis (J41.x, J42.x, J44.x, J43.9, J44.9) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis in the last 12 months d) At least two urgent care encounters with different dates of service, with a COPD diagnosis (J41.x, J42.x, J44.x, J43.9, J44.9) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis in the last 12 months.
• At least one order for an inhaled COPD medication during the prior year.
• More than 12 months of data available in the integrated EHR data prior to date of screening.

Asthma cohort

• Provide signed and dated informed consent form.
• Be willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study.
• Age >=18 years
• Diagnosed with asthma, defined as asthma listed on the subject's problem list and one of the following: a) At least one inpatient hospitalization with an asthma diagnosis (J45.x) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis in the last 12 months. b) At least one emergency room encounter with an asthma diagnosis (J45.x) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis in the last 12 months c) at least two urgent care encounters, with different dates of service, with an asthma diagnosis (J45.x) listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis in the last 12 months d) At least three or more prescriptions or prescription refills in the past 12 months for any combination of the following: an inhaled glucocorticoid with or without a second controller (Montelukast, Theophylline, a long-acting beta agonist [LABA] alone) or a combination drug with a LABA and an inhaled glucocorticoid.
• More than 12 months of data available in the integrated EHR data prior to date of screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

COPD cohort

• Inability/Unwillingness to use the required devices, or
• Inability to read and understand English Asthma cohort
• Inability/Unwillingness to use the required devices
• Inability to read and understand English
• Diagnosis of COPD listed on problem list

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
COPD cohort; Approximately 100 subjects with COPD identified through integrated EHR records will be enrolled.	Device: Mobile spirometer; Mobile spirometer will be used to measure FEV1 values weekly.; Device: Device sensor; Sensors will be attached to rescue and maintenance inhalers to measure use of rescue medication and maintenance therapy.; Drug: Salbutamol; Salbutamol MDI will be given as a rescue medication to be used on an as needed basis in this study.; Device: Activity monitor; Subjects will be required to wear activity monitors daily to record their physical activity.; Other: electronic diary card; Electronic diary card will be completed daily by subjects in COPD cohort.; Other: CAT; Subjects will be required to complete CAT monthly.
Asthma cohort; Approximately 100 subjects with asthma identified through integrated EHR records will be enrolled.	Device: Mobile spirometer; Mobile spirometer will be used to measure FEV1 values weekly.; Device: Device sensor; Sensors will be attached to rescue and maintenance inhalers to measure use of rescue medication and maintenance therapy.; Drug: Salbutamol; Salbutamol MDI will be given as a rescue medication to be used on an as needed basis in this study.; Device: Activity monitor; Subjects will be required to wear activity monitors daily to record their physical activity.; Other: ACT; Subjects will be required to complete ACT monthly.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)	FEV1 is an important measure of pulmonary function and is the maximum amount of air that can be forced out in one second after taking a deep breath. FEV1 was measured using spirometry. Participants were given a hand-held spirometer with instructions on its proper use. Baseline (Week 1) measurement was taken in clinic and the participants were instructed to perform home spirometry on a weekly basis for the remainder of the study. The spirometry use was linked to the Propeller Health application on the iPad, which provided visual cues for the spirometry and sent the data to the central database after completion of the session. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value at specified time point minus Baseline value. Change from Baseline in FEV1 at 4-weekly intervals is presented.	Baseline (Week 1) and Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Median Number of Steps Per Day	The physical activity was captured using a waist-worn accelerometer. A valid day was defined as a day where the activity monitor detected that it was worn for at least 8 hours during that day. Data for three or more valid days were required to generate data for weekly step counts.	Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Median Daily Activity Level Based on Vector Magnitude Counts.	The physical activity was captured using a waist-worn accelerometer. Vector magnitude in counts are accelerations in 3 dimensions that indicate activity. More counts is associated with more activity.	Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Active Total Score	The PROactive tool is used to investigate dimensions of physical activity (symptoms, distress, difficulties, amount etc.) that are judged as being essential by participants living with COPD. The clinic visit version of PRO was used, and was offered via the participant's electronic PRO application every 28 days. This version of PRO includes 14 items, measuring a physical activity 'Total Score' with 2 domains ('amount' and 'difficulty'). The 'amount' domain is covered by 2 items (amount of walking outside and chores outside) and by 2 activity monitor outputs (vector magnitude units per minute [VMU/min] and steps per day). The 'difficulty' domain is covered by 10 items. Each domain score is based on the simple addition of items (scale ranging from 0 to 15 for amount domain and 0 to 40 for difficulty domain), and then scaled from 0 to 100. 'Total Score' is calculated as the sum of the two domains (amount and difficulty) divided by two, thus scored from 0 (worse) to 100 (much better).	Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26
PROactive Amount Domain Score	The PROactive tool is used to investigate dimensions of physical activity (symptoms, distress, difficulties, amount etc.) that are judged as being essential by participants living with COPD. The clinic visit version of the PRO was used in this study, and was offered via the participant's electronic PRO application every 28 days. This version of the PRO includes 14 items, measuring a physical activity 'Total Score' with 2 domains (amount and difficulty). The amount domain is covered by 2 items (amount of walking outside and chores outside) and by 2 activity monitor outputs (vector magnitude units per minute [VMU/min] and steps per day). Amount domain score is based on the simple addition of items (scale ranging from 0 to 15) and then scaled from 0 to 100.	Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26
PROactive Difficulty Domain Score	The PROactive tool is used to investigate dimensions of physical activity (symptoms, distress, difficulties, amount etc.) that are judged as being essential by participants living with COPD. The clinic visit version of the PRO was used in this study, and was offered via the participant's electronic PRO application every 28 days. This version of the PRO includes 14 items, measuring a physical activity 'Total Score' with 2 domains ('amount' and 'difficulty'). The 'difficulty' domain is covered by 10 items. The difficulty domain score is based on the simple addition of items (0 to 40), which is then scaled from 0 (worse) to 100 (much better).	Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26
Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms (E-RS) in COPD Total Score-COPD Cohort Only	The E-RS: COPD scale is a derivative instrument used to measure the effect of treatment on the severity of respiratory symptoms in stable COPD. The E-RS utilizes the 11 respiratory symptom items contained in the 14-item Exacerbations of Chronic pulmonary disease Tool (EXACT). For the COPD cohort specifically, the daily EXACT was offered each evening. The domains included: respiratory symptoms (RS)-breathlessness (RS-BRL comprised of 5 items, score range [0-17]), RS-cough and sputum (RS-CSP comprised of 3 items, score range [0-11]), and RS-chest symptoms (RS-CSY comprised of 3 items, score range [0-12]). The total score was derived by summing the 11-item scores and ranged between 0-40 with higher values indicating severe respiratory symptoms. Scores for the week were summarized for each COPD participant where they completed the questionnaire on three or more days during the study week	Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT) Event Rate-COPD Cohort Only	EXACT is a 14-item diary that measures respiratory symptoms and function. The total score for EXACT ranges from 0-100, higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. EXACT events are considered worsening of symptom scores above the individual's Baseline value over multiple consecutive days.	Up to 6 months
Number of Primary Care Visits for Asthma Conditions or COPD	The number of primary care visits (including ambulatory, home and phone) for asthma conditions or COPD were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization.	Up to 6 months
Number of Secondary Care Visits for Asthma Conditions or COPD	The number of secondary care visits (that is, inpatient hospitalization and emergency department [ED]) for asthma conditions or COPD were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization	Up to 6 months
Number of All Primary Care Visits	The number of all primary care visits (including ambulatory, home and phone) were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization	Up to 6 months
Number of All Secondary Care Visits	The number of all secondary care visits (that is, inpatient hospitalization and ED) were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization	Up to 6 months
Number of Participants With New Prescriptions	New treatments that were prescribed for respiratory-related conditions (Short-acting beta-agonists [SABA], Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting beta-agonist [LABA] combinations, Oral corticosteroids [OCS], Leukotriene modifiers [LEUK], ICS, Long-acting muscarinic antagonists [LAMA], SABA/short-acting muscarinic antagonist [SAMA] combinations, Anti-cholinergics [a-CHOL], LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA/LAMA, Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors [PDE4], Anti-immunoglobulin E [a-IgE], LABA, and Interleukin-5 inhibitors [IL-5]) were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization. Some participants may have received prescriptions in more than one medication category.	Up to 6 months
Number of Days in Hospital for Asthma and COPD	The number of days for which the participant was hospitalized for asthma and COPD was summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization	Up to 6 months
Number of Participants Who Received Short-acting Beta-agonist Therapy	Participants who received SABA were summarized using data from EHR-based healthcare utilization.	Up to 6 months
Change From Baseline in COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Score-COPD Cohort Only	The CAT is an 8 item questionnaire (cough, sputum, chest tightness, breathlessness, going up hills/stairs, activity limitation at home, confidence leaving the home, and sleep and energy) that measures health status of participants with COPD. Participants completed each question by rating their experience on a 6 point scale ranging from 0 (maximum impairment) to 5 (no impairment). Total score was calculated by summing the non-missing scores on the eight items and ranged from 0-40. Higher scores indicated greater disease impact. Week 1 was considered as Baseline. Change from Baseline was calculated as value at the specified time point minus Baseline value.	Baseline (Week 1) and Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Change From Baseline in Asthma Control Test (ACT) Score-asthma Cohort Only	The ACT is a validated self-administered questionnaire utilizing 5 questions to assess asthma control on a 5-point categorical scale (1 to 5). Total score was calculated as the sum of scores from 5 questions and ranged from 5 to 25. Higher scores indicated better control of asthma. Week 1 was considered as Baseline. Change from Baseline was calculated as value at the specified time point minus Baseline value.	Baseline (Week 1) and Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Median Rescue Medication Use	The use of rescue medication by participants were monitored by attaching a sensor to rescue inhaler.	Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25
Percentage of Participants With Maintenance Compliance	The use of maintenance therapy by participants were monitored by attaching a sensor to maintenance inhaler.	Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25
Number of Participants Who Completed Exit Interview	An exit interview were conducted to obtain relevant feedback from participants regarding the study, study devices and electronic PRO platform. Exit surveys were triggered via the study-supplied iPad to each participant when they completed (or withdrew from) the study.	Up to 6 Months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
• Collaborators: Geisinger HealthPlan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 23, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 27, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): September 27, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 23, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 23, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): November 29, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 24, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 23, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Asthma; COPD; Sensor; Pilot; electronic health record
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Adrenergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Adrenergic Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Reproductive Control Agents; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Tocolytic Agents; Albuterol
• Other Study ID Numbers: 207223; HO-17-17827 (Other Identifier: Track HO identifier)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes