Sulopenem Versus Ertapenem for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection (cIAI)

Prospective, Phase 3, Randomized, Multi-center, Double-blind Study of Efiicacy, Tolerability & Safety of Sulopenem & Sulopenem-etzadroxil/Probenecid vs Ertapenem Followed by Cipro-metronidazole for Treatment of cIAI in Adults

This is a prospective, Phase 3, randomized, multi-center, double-blind study of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of sulopenem followed by sulopenem-etzadroxil/probenecid versus ertapenem followed by ciprofloxacin-metronidazole for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Intra Abdominal Infections
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Sulopenem-Etzadroxil/Probenecid; Drug: Sulopenem; Drug: Ertapenem; Drug: Ciprofloxacin; Drug: Metronidazole; Drug: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 674
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Bulgaria
  • Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 2700
    • Medical Facility
  • Lom, Bulgaria, 3600
    • Medical Facility
  • Pleven, Bulgaria, 5809
    • Medical Facility
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4003
    • Medical Facility
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4004
    • Medical Facility
  • Ruse, Bulgaria, 7002
    • Medical Facility
  • Sofia, Bulgaria, 1606
    • Medical Facility
  • Varna, Bulgaria, 9000
    • Medical Facility
  • Varna, Bulgaria, 9002
    • Medical Facility
• Estonia
  • Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, 31025
    • Medical Facility
  • Tallin, Estonia, 10138
    • Medical Facility
  • Tallinn, Estonia, 13419
    • Medical Facility
  • Tartu, Estonia, 51014
    • Medical Facility
  • Viljandi, Estonia, 71024
    • Medical Facility
  • Võru, Estonia, 65526
    • Medical Facility
• Georgia
  • Gori, Georgia, 1400
    • Medical Facility
  • Kutaisi, Georgia, 4600
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0102
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0114
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0141
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0144
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0159
    • Medical Facility
  • Tbilisi, Georgia, 0160
    • Medical Facility
• Hungary
  • Kaposvár, Hungary, 7400
    • Medical Facility
  • Pécs, Hungary, 7624
    • Medical Facility
  • Veszprém, Hungary, 8200
    • Medical Facility
• Latvia
  • Daugavpils, Latvia, 5417
    • Medical Facility
  • Riga, Latvia, 1038
    • Medical Facility
  • Rēzekne, Latvia, 4600
    • Medical Facility
• Poland
  • Bielsk Podlaski, Poland, 17-100
    • Medical Facility
• United States
  • California
    • Chula Vista, California, United States, 91911
      • Medical Facility
    • Torrance, California, United States, 90509
      • Medical Facility
  • Idaho
    • Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States, 83404
      • Medical Facility
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02111
      • Medical Facility
  • Michigan
    • Royal Oak, Michigan, United States, 48073
      • Medical Facility
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Medical Facility
  • Montana
    • Butte, Montana, United States, 59701
      • Medical Facility
  • Nebraska
    • Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68510
      • Medical Facility
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68114
      • Medical Facility
  • New Jersey
    • Somers Point, New Jersey, United States, 08244
      • Medical Facility
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Medical Facility
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43215
      • Medical Facility

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient or the patient's legally acceptable representative able to provide a signed written informed consent prior to any study-specific procedures.
2. Adult patients ≥18 years of age

3. EITHER:

   a. Intra-operative/post-operative enrollment with visual confirmation (presence of pus within the abdominal cavity) of an intra-abdominal infection associated with peritonitis including at least 1 of the following diagnosed during the surgical intervention: i. Cholecystitis with gangrenous rupture or perforation or progression of the infection beyond the gallbladder wall ii. Diverticular disease with perforation or abscess iii. Appendiceal perforation or peri-appendiceal abscess iv. Traumatic perforation of the intestines, only if operated on >12 hours after perforation occurs v. Secondary peritonitis (but not spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with cirrhosis and chronic ascites) vi. Intra-abdominal abscess (including of liver or spleen provided that there was extension beyond the organ with evidence of intraperitoneal involvement).

   OR:

   b. Pre-operative enrollment where one of the following surgical procedures are planned within 24 hours prior to the first dose of study drug: i. Open laparotomy, percutaneous drainage of an intra-abdominal abscess, or laparoscopic surgery.

4. Evidence of systemic inflammatory indicators, with at least one of the following:

   i. Fever (defined as body temperature >38°C) or hypothermia with a core body temperature <35°C ii. Elevated white blood cell count (>12,000 cells/mm3) iii. Drop in blood pressure (systolic BP must be <90 mmHg without pressor support) iv. Increased heart rate (>90 bpm) and respiratory rate (>20 breaths/min) v. Hypoxia (oxygen saturation ≤90 percent on room air)

5. Physical findings or symptoms consistent with intra-abdominal infection, with at least one of the following:

   i. Abdominal pain and/or tenderness, with or without rebound ii. Localized or diffuse abdominal wall rigidity iii. Abdominal mass iv. Nausea/vomiting v. Altered Mental Status

6. Specimen/s from the surgical intervention were sent for culture.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient diagnosed with traumatic bowel perforation undergoing surgery within 12 hours; perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers undergoing surgery within 24 hours. Other intra-abdominal processes in which the primary etiology was not likely to be infectious.
2. Patient has abdominal wall abscess or bowel obstruction without perforation or ischemic bowel without perforation.
3. Patient has simple cholecystitis or gangrenous cholecystitis without rupture, or simple appendicitis, or acute suppurative cholangitis; or infected necrotizing pancreatitis or pancreatic abscess.
4. Patient whose surgery included staged abdominal repair, or "open abdomen" technique, or marsupialization.
5. Patient known at study entry to have a complicated intra-abdominal infection caused by pathogens resistant to the study antimicrobial agents.
6. Patient needed effective concomitant systemic antibacterials (oral, IV, or intramuscular) or antifungals in addition to those designated in the 2 study groups, except vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin if started for known or suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Enterococcus spp. as per clinical study protocol (CSP).
7. Patient has perinephric infections or an indwelling peritoneal dialysis catheter.
8. Patient has suspected intra-abdominal infections due to fungus, parasites (e.g., amoebic liver abscess), virus, or tuberculosis.
9. Patient has a known history of serious allergy, hypersensitivity or any serious reaction to carbapenem antibiotics, or to other β-lactam antibiotics

10. Patient known to have any of the following laboratory values as defined below:

    1. Hematocrit <25% or hemoglobin <8 g/dL
    2. Absolute neutrophil count <1000/mm3
    3. Platelet count <75,000/mm3
    4. Bilirubin >3 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), unless isolated hyperbilirubinemia was directly related to the acute infection or known Gilbert's disease
    5. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 x ULN values at Screening. Patients with elevations of AST and/or ALT up to 5 x ULN will be eligible if these elevations are acute and directly related to the infectious process being treated. This must be documented
    6. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >3 x ULN. Patients with values >3.0 x ULN and <5.0 x ULN are eligible if this value is acute and directly related to the infectious process being treated. This must be documented.
    7. Estimated creeatinine clearance <50 mL/min
11. Patient has a body mass index >45 kg/m2.
12. Patient has APACHE II score >30.
13. Patient considered unlikely to survive the 4-week study period or has a rapidly progressive or terminal illness, including septic shock that was associated with a high risk of mortality.
14. Patient unlikely to respond to 10-14 days of treatment with antibiotics.

15. Patient received systemic antibacterial agents within the 72-hour period prior to study entry, unless either of the following pertained:

    a. Patient has a new infection (not considered a treatment failure) and both of the following were met: i. Patient received no more than 24 hours of total prior antibiotic therapy ii. Patient received ≤1 dose of a treatment regimen post-operatively and antibiotics were not received more than 6 hours post-procedure.

    b. Patient considered to have failed the previous treatment regimen i.e., pre-operative treatment of any duration with non-study systemic antimicrobial therapy for peritonitis or abscess permitted provided that all of the following are met: i. The treatment regimen had been administered for at least 72 hours and was judged to have been inadequate ii. The patient had an operative intervention that was just completed or was intended no more than 24 hours after study entry iii. Findings of infection were documented at surgery iv. Specimens for bacterial cultures and susceptibility testing were taken at operative intervention v. No further non-study antibacterials were administered after randomization.

16. Patient has a concurrent infection that may interfere with the evaluation of response to the study antibiotic.
17. Patient receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
18. Patient has a history of acute hepatitis in the recent past (3 months prior to study entry), chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, or acute decompensation of chronic hepatic failure.
19. Patient has past or current history of epilepsy or seizure disorders excluding febrile seizures of childhood.

20. Patient immunocompromised as evidenced by any of the following:

    1. Human immunodeficiency virus infection, with either a recent (in the past 6 months) acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining condition or a CD4 + T lymphocyte count <200/mm3
    2. Systemic or hematological malignancy requiring chemotherapeutic or radiologic/immunologic interventions within 6 weeks prior to randomization, or anticipated to begin prior to completion of study
    3. Immunosuppressive therapy, including maintenance corticosteroid therapy (>40 mg/day equivalent prednisolone) for 5 days or more.
21. Patient participating in any other clinical study that involved the administration of an investigational medication at the time of presentation, during the course of the study, or who had received treatment with an investigational medication in the 30 days prior to study enrollment, or had previously been enrolled in this study or had been treated with sulopenem.
22. Patient is in a situation or has a condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with optimal participation in the study.
23. Patient unlikely to comply with protocol e.g., uncooperative attitude, inability to return for follow-up visits, and unlikely to complete the study.
24. Patient has known inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
25. Patients with a history of blood dyscrasias
26. Patients with a history of uric acid kidney stones
27. Patients with acute gouty attack
28. Patients on chronic methotrexate therapy
29. Females of child-bearing potential who are unable to take adequate contraceptive precautions, have a positive pregnancy test result within 24 hours of study entry, are otherwise known to be pregnant, or are currently breastfeeding an infant.
30. Male subjects who do not agree to use an effective barrier method of contraception during the study and for 14 days post treatment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Sulopenem; Sulopenem 1000 mg IV once daily for at least 5 days, followed by Sulopenem-Etzadroxil/Probenecid 500 mg PO twice daily to complete 7-10 days of treatment	Drug: Sulopenem-Etzadroxil/Probenecid; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection; Drug: Sulopenem; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection
Active Comparator: Ertapenem; Ertapenem 1000 mg IV once daily for at least 5 days, followed by ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO twice daily along with metronidazole 500 mg PO four times daily. If patient is found to have causative pathogens that are resistant to ciprofloxacin they will receive amoxicillin-clavulanate 875 mg PO twice daily instead	Drug: Ertapenem; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection; Other Names: Invanz; Drug: Ciprofloxacin; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection; Other Names: Cipro; Drug: Metronidazole; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection; Other Names: Flagyl; Drug: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate; Antibiotic for complicated intra-abdominal infection; Other Names: Augmentin

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Clinical Success	Clinical response is defined as resolution in signs and symptoms of the index infection and no new symptoms, without the need for additional antibiotics or interventions	Day 28 +/- 1 day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Clinical Success	Clinical response is defined as resolution in signs and symptoms of the index infection and no new symptoms, without the need for additional antibiotics or interventions	Day 11-14 +/- 1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Iterum Therapeutics, International Limited

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 18, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 2, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): October 2, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 20, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 25, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): November 30, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 1, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 5, 2020
• Last Verified: November 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Intraabdominal Infections; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antirheumatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Gout Suppressants; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Renal Agents; Uricosuric Agents; Metronidazole; Ciprofloxacin; Amoxicillin; Ertapenem; Clavulanic Acid; Clavulanic Acids; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Lactams; Probenecid
• Other Study ID Numbers: IT001-303

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No