Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Acute Heart Failure (DICTATE-AHF)

March 13, 2024 updated by: Zachary L. Cox, Vanderbilt University Medical Center

A Randomized, Open-label Study of Dapagliflozin in Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Admitted With Acute Heart Failure

This is a randomized trial of the addition of dapagliflozin to patients with or without type 2 diabetes hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Participants will be recruited following an initial standard evaluation in the ED and randomized within 24 hours of presentation for ADHF in a 1:1 fashion to protocolized diuretic therapy or dapagliflozin + protocolized diuretic therapy.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) are generally admitted due to symptoms of congestion and 90% are treated with a loop diuretic. However at least one-third of these patients are inadequately decongested due primarily to "diuretic resistance" and/ or "cardiorenal syndrome". The inability to achieve decongestion is associated with a worse prognosis and a higher rate of re-hospitalization for ADHF. More than 40% of all patients admitted with ADHF have diabetes and that percentage is growing both in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF).

The admission blood glucose is elevated in approximately one-half of ADHF hospitalizations. We recently demonstrated the admission blood glucose was within 50mg/dl of the chronic average blood glucose in 66% of patients with diabetes admitted with ADHF. The median (IQR) admission blood glucose change from the chronic blood glucose was only -7 (-29, 26) mg/dl. Thus, the acute glucose in patients with T2DM presenting with acute heart failure is most often related to poor chronic glucose control suggesting that these patients would benefit from attempts to initiate therapies to improve chronic glucose control while in the hospital.

No new therapies have been introduced in the United States for ADHF in several decades. Natriuretic peptides such as nesiritide and ularitide have failed to improve outcomes in either the chronic or acute heart failure patients. Diuretic resistance and hyperglycemia are common problems in ADHF admissions and represent a therapeutic opportunity for new therapies.

The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2) inhibitors, now approved for the anti-hyperglycemic therapies also have an osmotic diuretic and natriuretic effect. In the chronic setting SGLT2 inhibitors reduce weight with modest decrements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure with a marked drop in albuminuria and a small drop in estimated GFR (-5 mL min-1.1.73 m-2) which returns to baseline over time. In patients with diabetes the SGLT2 transporter likely accounts for as much as 14% of total sodium chloride absorption. In the acute setting following a single dose, SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase urine volume. However, the acute diuretic effects have not been studied in a population with heart failure with or without concomitant hyperglycemia who are undergoing diuresis. To our knowledge, no current trials are investigating the effects of SGLT2 inhibition in ADHF. The current studies planned in HF are investigating the acute effects of SGLT2 on stable HF (NCT03027960), the chronic effects of SGLT2 inhibition in compensated, chronic HF (NCT03619213, NCT02653482, NCT03030235, NCT03057977), changes in pulmonary pressure hemodynamics in patients monitored by CardioMEMs devices (NCT03030222), and effects on cardiopulmonary exercise fitness in chronic HF (NCT02862067).

Congestion remains the major cause of hospital readmission for heart failure and an inpatient plan of care that allowed more effective decongestion would be rapidly and widely adopted by the medical community. Therefore, we propose to test the decongesting effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with or without Type II diabetes admitted with an acute decompensation of chronic heart failure.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

240

Phase

  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Mississippi
      • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
        • University of Mississippi Medical Center
    • North Carolina
      • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27514
        • University of North Carolina
    • Oklahoma
      • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73112
        • Integris
    • Tennessee
      • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
        • Vanderbilt University Medical Center
      • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37203
        • TriStar Centennial Medical Center
      • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37205
        • Saint Thomas West Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age of 18 years or older

  • Randomized within 24 of presentation during a hospital admission for hypervolemic decompensated heart failure defined as:

    • pulmonary artery catheterization with a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than 19mmHg plus a systemic physical exam finding of hypervolemia (peripheral edema, ascites, or pulmonary edema on auscultation)
    • in the absence of pulmonary artery catheterization data 2 of the following signs or symptoms: peripheral edema, ascites, jugular venous pressure > 10mmHg, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 5-pound weight gain, or signs of congestion on chest x-ray or lung ultrasound
  • Planned use of IV loop diuretic therapy during current hospitalization
  • eGFR of 25 ml/min/1.73m2 by the MDRD equation or greater

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Serum glucose < 80mg/dl at enrollment
  • Systolic blood pressure < 90mmHg at enrollment
  • Requirement of intravenous inotropic therapy or anticipated need during the study
  • History of hypersensitivity to any SGLT2 inhibitors
  • Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Severe anemia (Hemoglobin < 7.5g/dl)
  • Severe uncorrected aortic or mitral stenosis
  • Inability to perform standing weights or measure urine output accurately
  • History of diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Scheduled combination nephron blockade with loop and thiazide therapy as an outpatient for more than 7 days prior to admission (excluding HCTZ < 50mg for blood pressure)
  • Diffuse anasarca with 4+ edema and projected hypervolemia exceeding 40-pounds
  • Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C)
  • Clinical picture consistent with acute myocardial infarction including troponin rise and fall or ischemic changes on electrocardiogram
  • Site investigator determines the subject is not a good candidate to participate in the study at this tine

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Protocolized diuretic therapy

The patients with diabetes will receive standard of care point of care blood glucose monitoring 4 times daily (before meals and at bedtime) and sliding scale insulin.

The initial loop diuretic regimen after enrollment:

Loop diuretic naïve: If the patient does not take a scheduled loop diuretic as an outpatient, the initial IV loop diuretic dose will be 40mg of furosemide equivalents every 12 hours.

Chronic, oral loop diuretic therapy: If the patient takes a scheduled loop diuretic regimen as an outpatient prior to hospital admission, the initial IV loop diuretic daily dose will be 2 times the total daily home regimen dose. Diuretic therapy will be titrated to goal urine output using a standardized diuretic protocol.
Other: Protocolized Diuretic Therapy
Structured usual care arm with protocolized diuretic therapy based on urine output.
Experimental: Protocolized diuretic therapy plus SGLT2 inhibitor therapy

The patients with diabetes will receive standard of care point of care blood glucose monitoring 4 times daily (before meals and at bedtime) and sliding scale insulin.

The initial loop diuretic regimen after enrollment:

Loop diuretic naïve: If the patient does not take a scheduled loop diuretic as an outpatient, the initial IV loop diuretic dose will be 40mg of furosemide equivalents every 12 hours.

Chronic, oral loop diuretic therapy: If the patient takes a scheduled loop diuretic regimen as an outpatient prior to hospital admission, the initial IV loop diuretic daily dose will be 2 times the total daily home regimen dose. Diuretic therapy will be titrated to goal urine output using a standardized diuretic protocol.

The patient will receive SGLT2 inhibitor therapy with dapagliflozin 10 mg orally once daily until 5 days or hospital discharge.
Other: Protocolized Diuretic Therapy
Structured usual care arm with protocolized diuretic therapy based on urine output.
Drug: Dapagliflozin 10 MG
SGLT2 inhibitors being investigated for its diuretic and natriuretic effects on top of protocolized diuretic therapy.
Other Names:
  • sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2) inhibitors

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Cumulative Change in Weight (Kilograms) Per 40mg of IV Furosemide Equivalents, Adjusted for Baseline Weight
Time Frame: Baseline to Day 5 or discharge if earlier
cumulative change in weight (kilograms) per 40mg of IV furosemide equivalents from enrollment to day 5 or discharge (if earlier) between protocolized diuretic therapy and dapagliflozin plus protocolized diuretic therapy guided by urine output
Baseline to Day 5 or discharge if earlier

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants With Inpatient Worsening Heart Failure
Time Frame: Baseline to hospital discharge, an average of 5 days
Number of participants with worsening heart failure during hospitalization requiring IV inotropic therapy with dobutamine, milrinone, or dopamine or admission to an intensive care unit as adjudicated by the Clinical Event Adjudication Committee
Baseline to hospital discharge, an average of 5 days
Hospital Readmission
Time Frame: Day 30
Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge for heart failure or diabetic reasons as adjudicated by the Clinical Event Adjudication Committee
Day 30

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Collaborators

AstraZeneca

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: JoAnn Lindenfeld, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 1, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 17, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

May 17, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 2, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 4, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

March 6, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 15, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 13, 2024

Last Verified

March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 200017

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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