Virtual Reality, Ice Application and Self-injection and Self-test Fair, Pain and State Anxiety

The Effect of Virtual Reality and Ice Application on Fear of Self-injection and Self-test, Pain and State Anxiety Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

AİM:The aim of this study is to control the fears and anxieties of Type 2 diabetics in insulin injection and blood glucose measurement with motivational videos and Ice applications to be applied with virtual reality glasses.

Material and Methods: The research is designed as a semi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control groups. The research will be carried out in the endocrine services located in Turgut Özal Medical Center in Malatya province. The universe of the research will be 2113 Type 2 diabetes patients who are being treated in the hospital specified on the specified dates, who are injecting insulin and following blood sugar. According to the analysis of the power, the sample of the research is composed of an experiment effect of 0.5% with bilateral significance level, 95% confidence interval determined with 5% error level, the experiment group to be applied with 80% Reality with 80% representation power, and the control group with 80 ice application. will create a total of 240 Type 2 diabetes patients.In the collection of the data, the Participant Presentation Form developed by the researcher, Diabetes Fear of Self Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire-D-FISQ, State Anxiety Scale and VAS will be used.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Injection Site Irritation; Fear of Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Ice Application; Device: motivational video production through virtual reality glasses

Detailed Description

VR is a relatively new human-computer interaction tool in which a person becomes an active participant in a virtual world. Sensory cues of VR, especially the precise control of auditory, tactile and olfactory systems, enhances the reality of the virtual environment. As a result, users feel that they can look around and enter the simulated environment. The virtual environment provides sensory information such as visual, auditory, movement, virtual or artificial, and makes the individual feel similar to real life.

Ice application has been used as a topical pain reliever for centuries. It works through a variety of mechanisms, such as slowing the transmission of peripheral nerve fibers, promoting sensory competition, and reducing the release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators. Ice application is cheap, easily accessible and reaches its purpose relatively quickly to skin anesthesia. Apart from these effects, it also reduces pain by activating the Door-Control mechanism, stimulating the touch receptors and increasing the release of endogenous opioids.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 159
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Malatya, Turkey, 44280
    • seher ÇEVİK

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being literate,
• Injecting insulin at least twice a day,
• Following blood sugar at least twice a day,

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having any psychiatric diagnosis,

  • communication barriers
  • The patient has any diagnosis, such as epilepsy, that will trigger seizures.
  • Any diagnosis, such as vertigo, that causes dizziness in the patient.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Ice Application; Music-funded, park, nature and seaside walks, submarine, museum, with virtual reality glasses (Bobo VR Z4 Binocular Glasses and 5.7 inch 1440x2560 pixel display resolution, China) for 10 minutes to diabetic patients before blood glucose measurement and insulin injection The videos that the patient wants to watch will be watched from videos such as his trip Studies have indicated that these videos are relaxing environments, and motion videos should not be watched to reduce nausea and vomiting.	Other: Ice Application; Before the blood glucose measurement and insulin injection, patients with diabetes will be given ice for 5 minutes. It is planned to apply ice cubes in liquid-proof ice bags.
Experimental: Virtual Reality; Before the blood glucose measurement and insulin injection, patients with diabetes will be given ice for 5 minutes. It is planned to apply ice cubes in liquid-proof ice bags.	Device: motivational video production through virtual reality glasses; Music-funded, park, nature and seaside walks, submarine, museum, with virtual reality glasses (Bobo VR Z4 Binocular Glasses and 5.7 inch 1440x2560 pixel display resolution, China) for 10 minutes to diabetic patients before blood glucose measurement and insulin injection The videos that the patient wants to watch will be watched from videos such as his trip Studies have indicated that these videos are relaxing environments, and motion videos should not be watched to reduce nausea and vomiting.
No Intervention: control; No Intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Injection fear reduction	(Diabetes Fear of Self Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire-D-FISQ) D-FISQ was developed by Snoek et al. (1997) to measure the fear of self-injection and testing in individuals with diabetes who need insulin. D-FISQ with 15 expressions consists of two sub-dimensions, fear of self-injecting-FSI, 6 expressions, and fear of self-testing (FST, 9 expressions). Each statement has a 4-point Likert-type rating ranging from 1 to 4 (1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = almost always). The evaluation of the inquiry form can be done by taking the average or raw score for the two sub-dimensions and the whole form. As the scores obtained from the scale increase, fear levels increase. Internal consistency coefficient of the scale is 0.96.	1 month
anxiety reducation	State Anxiety Scale The scale, which was developed by Spielberger et al in 1970, was adapted to Turkish by Öner and LeCompte (1974). The emotions or behaviors expressed in the scale items are answered by marking one of the options such as (1) none, (2) a little, (3) a lot, and (4) completely. The scale containing twenty expressions contains 10 inverse (1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20) expressions. While the reverse expressions expressing positive emotions are scored, those in one weight degree are converted into four, and those in four weight degrees into one. In the scoring, the total weighted score of the inverse statements is subtracted from the total weighted score and 50, an unchanged value, is added to this number. The total score value obtained from the scale can range from 20 to 80 points. A high score indicates that the level of anxiety is high. The total score value is evaluated as 20-39 mild anxiety, 40-59 moderate anxiety, and 60-79 severe anxiety.	1 month
pain relief	(Visual Analogue Scale -VAS) This scale, which is used to measure subjectively perceived pain, was developed by Price et al. (1983), and has been used in many studies to evaluate the intensity of pain, it has been found to be reliable and valid. It is a 10 cm scale with "painlessness" on one end and "severe pain" on the other. Individuals participating in the study are asked to mark the level of pain severity they feel at the moment, explaining that the number "0" on the scale means that I do not feel any pain and the pain intensity increases as the numbers grow and the number "10" means the most severe pain.	1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inonu University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: seher ÇEVİK, Inonu University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cevik S, Yagmur Y. Impact of intolerance of uncertainty on psychological well-being in pregnant women with or without miscarriage risk. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018 Jul;54(3):436-440. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12297. Epub 2018 May 25.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 15, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 30, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 15, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 17, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): June 18, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 6, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 2, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Insulin injection; fear of injection; Ice application; Virtual reality
• Other Study ID Numbers: seher cevik

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No