Abdominal Breathing Training on Reducing Anxiety

The Effectiveness of Abdominal Breathing Training on Reducing Anxiety

The research purpose is to investigate the effectiveness of abdominal breathing training on reducing anxiety. This study is an experimental research design. Using a randomized controlled trial approach. The patients receiving the intervention of abdominal breathing training were in the experimental group, while those who did not receive it were in the control group.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anxiety
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: abdominal breathing training

Detailed Description

The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the abdominal breathing training on reducing anxiety. Using an experimental randomized controlled trial approach. The experimental group receiving abdominal breathing training, and control group without training. The effectiveness assessment used the Beck anxiety inventory, required to be completed by both the experimental group and control group. This study performed the pre-and-post assessments. This study performed the pre-test before the implementation of abdominal breathing training, and performed the post-test at Week 4 and Week 8 the end of abdominal breathing training. During this period, they received the abdominal breathing training at the outpatient clinic (every day 30 minutes, can include every time during the day). When the subjects were at home, they received self-training using the abdominal breathing training video (once every day and 30 minutes every time).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Peitou
    • Taipei, Peitou, Taiwan, 11219
      • Xuan-Yi Huang

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Who are over 20 years old.
2. The score of Beck anxiety inventory at lease of 8.
3. Agree to participate in the study and have filled out a written consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inpatients.
2. COPD patients.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: The effectiveness of receiving abdominal breathing training; The patients receiving the intervention of abdominal breathing training were in the experimental group. The experimental group received the abdominal breathing training for a total of 8 weeks. During this period, they received the abdominal breathing training at the outpatient clinic (every day 30 minutes, can include every time during the day). When the subjects were at home, they received self-training using the abdominal breathing training video (once every day and 30 minutes every time). The control group without training.	Other: abdominal breathing training; The abdominal breathing training at the outpatient clinic (every day 30 minutes, can include every time during the day). When the subjects were at home, they received self-training using the abdominal breathing training video (once every day and 30 minutes every time).
No Intervention: The effectiveness of not receiving abdominal breathing training; The control group who did not receive abdominal breathing training. The effectiveness assessment used the Beck anxiety inventory and physiological index (heart beats, breath and blood pressure), required to be completed by the control group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Beck anxiety inventory	The total items of Beck anxiety inventory are 21. The score of each item is from 0-3. The score 0-7 is the least mild anxiety, 8-15 is the mild anxiety, 16-25 is the moderate anxiety, and 26-63 is the severe anxiety	pretest
Beck anxiety inventory	The total items of Beck anxiety inventory are 21. The score of each item is from 0-3. The score 0-7 is the least mild anxiety, 8-15 is the mild anxiety, 16-25 is the moderate anxiety, and 26-63 is the severe anxiety	post-test at Week 4
Beck anxiety inventory	The total items of Beck anxiety inventory are 21. The score of each item is from 0-3. The score 0-7 is the least mild anxiety, 8-15 is the mild anxiety, 16-25 is the moderate anxiety, and 26-63 is the severe anxiety	post-test at Week 8

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Xuan-Yi Huang, DNSc, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cahalin LP, Braga M, Matsuo Y, Hernandez ED. Efficacy of diaphragmatic breathing in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of the literature. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):7-21. doi: 10.1097/00008483-200201000-00002.
• Chen YF, Huang XY, Chien CH, Cheng JF. The Effectiveness of Diaphragmatic Breathing Relaxation Training for Reducing Anxiety. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2017 Oct;53(4):329-336. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12184. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
• Gosselink RA, Wagenaar RC, Rijswijk H, Sargeant AJ, Decramer ML. Diaphragmatic breathing reduces efficiency of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Apr;151(4):1136-42. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.4.7697243.
• Hopper SI, Murray SL, Ferrara LR, Singleton JK. Effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing for reducing physiological and psychological stress in adults: a quantitative systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2019 Sep;17(9):1855-1876. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003848.

Helpful Links

• This article reviews the literature regarding the efficacy of DB in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and reports on the beneficial and detrimental effects of DB in persons with COPD.
• The findings provide guidance for providing quality care that effectively reduces the anxiety level of care recipients in clinical and community settings.
• Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and duty cycle did not change significantly during diaphragmatic breathing. Dyspnea sensation tended to increase during diaphragmatic breathing.
• The evidence suggests that diaphragmatic breathing may decrease stress as measured by physiologic biomarkers, as well psychological self-report tools.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 21, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 8, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 8, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): January 12, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 27, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2021
• Last Verified: January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Abdominal Breathing Training, Anxiety, Effectiveness
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Aspiration; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20200105R

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No