Effects of Strength Training on Freestyle Swimming Performance and Core Muscles Strength in Swimmers

To compare the effectiveness performance and core muscles of Strength Training . strength in swimmers on freestyle swimming

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Sports Physical Therapy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Experimental: Experimental group exercises; Other: No Intervention: Control group

Detailed Description

There is lack of literature on strength training on freestyle swimming performance, core muscles strength in swimmers, kicking, and stroke rate. With the help of this study the swimming performance of individual s will improve.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 18
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • Punjab
    • Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, 40050
      • Recruiting
      • Punjab international swimming complex
      • Contact: Muzna Munir, Ms; Phone Number: +92 334 4265125; Email: muzna.munir@riphah.edu.pk
      • Principal Investigator: Nayyab Kanwal

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Competitive swimmers
• male gender
• Experience of more than a year of swimming

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with associated neuromuscular conditions and any injuries to lower limbs.
• Spinal injuries have been excluded in the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental group exercises; Experimental performs Strengthening exercises of core.10 reps , 3 sets of each.Prone plank(10 sec hold)(18) ,Side plank (8 sec hold),Bridging (8 sec hold)(19),Bird dog (10 reps ,3 sets),Leg drop (10 reps, 3 sets)(15),Dying bug with their regular swimming practice. First 2 weeks simple strengthening exercises.Next 4 weeks stability ball exercises. Dying bug without stability ball. And strengthening exercises of UL and LL with theraband ,10 reps each.Upper limb: Latissimus dorsi,Serratus anterior, Upper trapezius.Lower Limb: Flexors of hip, Extensors of hip,Plantar flexors.	Other: Experimental: Experimental group exercises; Experimental performs Strengthening exercises of core.10 reps , 3 sets of each.Prone plank(10 sec hold)(18) ,Side plank (8 sec hold),Bridging (8 sec hold)(19),Bird dog (10 reps ,3 sets),Leg drop (10 reps, 3 sets)(15),Dying bug with their regular swimming practice. First 2 weeks simple strengthening exercises.Next 4 weeks stability ball exercises. Dying bug without stability ball. And strengthening exercises of Upper Limb and Lower Limb with theraband ,10 reps each.Upper Limb: Latissimus dorsi,Serratus anterior, Upper trapezius.Lower limb : Flexors of hip, Extensors of hip,Plantar flexors.
Active Comparator: Control group; control only participates in their yearly swimming trainings.	Other: No Intervention: Control group; control only participates in their yearly swimming trainings.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
50 meter Swimming Test	Done by stop watch, changes will be assessed accordingly: First week Pre test and post test in 6th week which will be last week of work	6th week
Core muscle strength test	Determine by stop watch .Used for monitoring of core strength of athlete. There are 8 levels Level 1: plank position hold for 60sec, Level 2: right arm lift and hold for 15 sec, Level 3: left arm lift for 15 sec, Level 4: right leg lift for 15 sec, Level 5: left leg lift for 15 sec, Level 6: right arm and left leg lift from floor for 15 secs, Level 7: left arm and right leg lift from floor for 15 sec, Level 8: then again hold plank for 30 sec. If individual feel difficulty at some level then end the test, and record that level. Good = complete, Poor= unable to perform. Changes will be assessed accordingly: First week Pre test and post test in 6th week which will be last week of work	6th week
Stroke rate	Firstly calculate time need to complete three 3 stroke cycles. Then evaluate stroke rate by using this formula. SR= 60 × 3/tSR (SR- Stroke Rate, tSR- time taken of 3 cycles) Changes will be assessed accordingly: First week Pre test and post test in 6th week which will be last week of work	6th week
Kicking	Time need for 50 meter of kicking performance by the use of kickboard ,stop watch use. Changes will be assessed accordingly: First week Pre test and post test in 6th week which will be last week of work	6th Week
Manual muscle testing (mmt) grading scale 0-5	Latissimus dorsi, Serratus anterior,Upper trapezius,Flexors of hip,Extensors of hip,Plantar flexors by grading 0=no contraction,1= flickering contraction,2=full range of motion eliminated gravity,3= full range of motion against gravity,4= full range of motion with minimal resistance,5= full range of motion against maximal resistance Changes will be assessed accordingly: First week Pre test and post test in 6th week which will be last week of work	6th Week

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Riphah International University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Muzna Munir, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):189-98. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001.
• Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, Fredericson M. Core stability exercise principles. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008 Feb;7(1):39-44. doi: 10.1097/01.CSMR.0000308663.13278.69.
• Eskiyecek CG, Gül M, Uludağ B, Gül GK. The Effect of 8-Week Core Exercises Applied to 10-12 Age Male Swimmers on Swimming Performance. International Journal of Applied Exercise
• Gencer YG. Effects of 8-Week Core Exercises on Free Style Swimming Performance of Female Swimmers Aged 9-12. Asian Journal of Education and Training. 2018;4(3):182-5.
• Marani IN, Subarkah A, Hermawan I, Pradana VO. Core Exercise To Strengthen The Core Muscle for Swimming.
• Heinlein SA, Cosgarea AJ. Biomechanical Considerations in the Competitive Swimmer's Shoulder. Sports Health. 2010 Nov;2(6):519-25. doi: 10.1177/1941738110377611.
• Moser C, Sousa CV, Olher RR, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 100 and 200 m Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Butterfly. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 30;17(11):3875. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113875.
• Sawdon-Bea J, Benson J. The effects of a 6-week dry land exercise program for high school swimmers. Journal of physical education and sports management. 2015;2(1):1-17.
• Fig G. Strength training for swimmers: Training the core. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2005;27(2):40-2.
• Venâncio BO, Tacani PM, Deliberato PCP. Pain prevalence in swimming athletes of São Caetano do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2012;18:394-9.
• Gatta G, Cortesi M, Di Michele R. Power production of the lower limbs in flutter-kick swimming. Sports Biomech. 2012 Nov;11(4):480-91. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2012.670663.
• Schneider P, Meyer F. Anthropometric and muscle strength evaluation in prepubescent and pubescent swimmer boys and girls. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2005;11:209-13
• Morouco PG, Marinho DA, Amaro NM, Pérez-Turpin JA, Marques MC. Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2012;7(2):553-9
• Gönener A, Gönener U, Yılmaz O, Horoz T, Demirci D. The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance. Journal of Human Sciences. 2017;14(4):3950-5
• Patil D, Salian SC, Yardi S. The effect of core strengthening on performance of young competitive swimmers. International Journal of Science and Research. 2014;3(6):2470-7.
• Weston M, Hibbs AE, Thompson KG, Spears IR. Isolated core training improves sprint performance in national-level junior swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Mar;10(2):204-10. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0488. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
• Mujik a I, Crowley E. Strength training for swimmers. Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training: Springer; 2019. p. 36986.
• Amara S, Barbosa TM, Negra Y, Hammami R, Khalifa R, Chortane SG. The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 29;18(19):10261. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910261.
• Atkins SJ, Bentley I, Brooks D, Burrows MP, Hurst HT, Sinclair JK. Electromyographic response of global abdominal stabilizers in response to stable- and unstable-base isometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Jun;29(6):1609-15. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000795.
• Patel RS, Sharma A, Prajapati U, Dave V, Varma M. Effect of Strength Training on Performance of Young Competitive swimmersA Randomized Control Trial.
• Avers D, Brown M . Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing, First South Asia Edition E Book: Techniques of Manual Examinationand Performance Testing: Elsevier; 2018.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 4, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): May 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Anticipated): August 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 20, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 11, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 19, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 19, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 11, 2022
• Last Verified: April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Stroke rate; Free style; Stability ball; Core strength
• Other Study ID Numbers: REC/Lhr/21/0424 Nayab

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No