Comparative Study Between Obeticholic Acid Versus Vitamin E in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Comparative Study Evaluating the Outcome of Obeticholic Acid Versus Vitamin E in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Without Cirrhosis

This study aims at evaluating and comparing the protective outcomes of using Obeticholic acid versus Vitamin E in NASH patients without cirrhosis. The intervention is 6-months duration and the study will assess the efficacy of either drug as fibrosis improvement (≥ 1 stage) with no worsening of NASH or NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis with the study considered successful if either 1ry end point is met. . Also, assessment of biochemical markers related to steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis will be done.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Obeticholic Acid Oral Tablet; Drug: Vit E

Detailed Description

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of excessive fat in the liver in the setting of no significant alcohol consumption and the absence of any secondary cause. NAFLD has reached epidemic proportions and currently affects 20-40% of the general population. In recent years, along with the increasing trend of obesity and type 2 diabetes, NAFLD has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The spectrum of the disease ranges from simple steatosis to hepatocellular injury with inflammatory infiltration characterized as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that may eventually progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite significant disease burden and mortality associated mainly with advanced disease, i.e., NASH and fibrosis, there is currently no approved medication for NASH, therefore, lifestyle modifications remain the mainstay of treatment. What is the pathogenesis of NAFLD? Although the proposal of "two hits" involving insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress has been well accepted, the mechanism of NAFLD was thought very complex and still remained unclearly.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor, which is expressed in various organs and tissues, mainly in the liver, intestine, kidney, and adrenal cortex. It is a ligand activated transcription factor, with bile acid being the natural ligand to these receptors. These receptors are involved in regulating various metabolic pathways such as bile acid, cholesterol, and lipid and glucose metabolism. The expression of FXR is reduced in the liver of NASH patients, and various FXR knockout animal models exhibit hepatic steatosis, bile acid accumulation, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and fibrosis. Importantly, these conditions are improved by increasing FXR expression, indicating that the FXR agonist could be an effective therapeutic option for NASH patients.

FXR activation significantly impacts lipid synthesis, mainly by decreasing the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and its enzymes which are the main regulator in lipogenesis. In addition, FXR activation increases the clearance of LDL, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons by activation of lipoprotein lipase. Furthermore, FXR activation results in the induction of the peroxisome proliferator activated-α receptor which increases fatty acid oxidation. Also it increases the secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21) which decreases lipogenesis by inhibition of SREBP-1c.

Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a semisynthetic derivative of the chenodeoxycholic acid. OCA was originally described as a selective and potent FXR ligand. OCA is currently approved for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Currently, OCA is investigated for its potential role in the treatment of NASH. Phase II and III ongoing trials have shown that OCA might attenuate the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH. In summary, OCA has been the first-in-class of FXR ligands advanced to a clinical stage, highlighting the potential benefits linked to FXR-targeted therapies.

It is acknowledged that vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant found in the human body. In addition to its anti-oxidative properties, molecules of vitamin E family exert anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. According to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, vitamin E is approved at a dose of 800 IU/day in adults with biopsy-proven NASH.

Therefore, This study aims at evaluating and comparing the protective outcomes of using Obeticholic acid versus Vitamin E in NASH patients without cirrhosis.

The primary endpoint of this 6-months study would be fibrosis improvement (≥ 1 stage) with no worsening of NASH or NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis with the study considered successful if either 1ry end point is met.

The secondary endpoint of this study is improvement of biochemical markers related to steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis.

Study Population:

• This study is conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with NASH according to the study protocol.
• Patients has been recruited from Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt.
• The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tanta University.
• All patients have provided signed written informed consent and agreed to comply with the study protocol.
• All data of the patients will be private and confidential.
• Any unexpected risks appeared during the course of the research was cleared to the patients and the ethical committee on time.

This study is randomized controlled, parallel and prospective 6-months duration study. Accepted patients was randomized into 2 groups as the following:

• Group 1 (Obeticholic acid group): 30 patients will receive 10 mg/day OCA for 6 months.
• Group 2 (Control group): 30 patients will receive Vitamin E 400 mg twice daily for 6 months.

Any side effects will be reported and graded according to common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5.00 (CTCAE). Any potential drug interactions between administered drugs is monitored for each patient and corrective actions is taken.

Statistical Analysis

• All data will be represented as mean ± slandered deviation (SD).
• Unpaired Student's t-test will be used to compare data between the two groups.
• Paired Student's t-test will be used to compare data within the same group before and after treatment with the studied medications.
• Chi-square test will be used for statistical analysis of nominal data.
• The statistical analysis will be carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical package version 27.0 (December 2020), IBM (International Business Machines) corporation software group, USA.
• The level of significance will be set at P< 0.05.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 59
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Tanta, Egypt
    • Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males or females aged ≥18 years.
• All patients are diagnosed to have fatty liver grading 1, 2 or 3 on abdominal ultrasound with Hepatic steatosis index > 36 to be considered as a NAFLD patient.
• Confirmed diagnosis of NASH using at least three of the following non-invasive tests:
• HAIR score
• Fibroscan detecting steatosis with F0-3 fibrosis stage
• Cytokeratin-18 >240 U/L
• Mild to moderate elevation of serum aminotransferases (>2 but <5 times upper normal limit)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current or history of significant alcohol consumption.
• Use of drugs historically associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (amiodarone, methotrexate, systemic glucocorticoids, tetracyclines, tamoxifen, estrogens at doses greater than those used for hormone replacement, anabolic steroids, valproic acid, and other known hepatotoxins).
• Prior or planned bariatric surgery.
• Uncontrolled diabetes defined as Hemoglobin A1c 9.5% or higher.
• Evidence of other forms of chronic liver disease as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Wilson's disease, Alpha-1-antitrypsin(A1AT) deficiency, Hemochromatosis, drug-induced liver disease.
• Serum creatinine of 2.0 mg/dL or greater.
• Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, potential for pregnancy and unwillingness to use effective birth control during the trial and breast feeding.
• Use of other drugs known to have possible positive effects on steatosis.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Group 1 obeticholic acid group; 28 non alcoholic steatohepatitis patients receiving obeticholic acid 10 mg once daily for 6 months duration	Drug: Obeticholic Acid Oral Tablet; Obeticholic acid used as 10 mg tablet once daily for 6 months; Other Names: Nashiliv 10 mg
Active Comparator: Group 2 vitamin E group; 31 non alcoholic steatohepatitis patients receiving vitamin E 400 mg twice daily for 6 months duration	Drug: Vit E; Vitamin E used as 400 mg soft gelatin capsules twice daily for 6 months; Other Names: Vitamin E 400 mg

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline fibrosis stage at 6 months; fibrosis improvement (≥ 1 stage), with no worsening of NASH, detected by fibroscan device	Patients will undergo fibroscan testing prior to the initiation of the intervention and after 6 months of receiving the drug therapy to detect fibrosis improvement	6 months
Change from baseline NASH condition at 6 months; NASH resolution, with no worsening of fibrosis, with the study considered successful if either 1ry end point is met.	Patients will undergo calculation of HAIR score prior to the initiation of the intervention and after 6 months of receiving the drug therapy to detect NASH resolution	6 months
Change from baseline steatosis stage at 6 months detected by Fibroscan device	Patients will undergo fibroscan testing prior to the initiation of the intervention and after 6 months of receiving the drug therapy to detect steatosis improvement	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in serum level of pro-collagen type III N-peptide(PⅢNP)	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate pro-collagen type III N-peptide(PⅢNP)	6 months
Change in serum level of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21)	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21)	6 months
Change in serum level of cytokeratin-18 (CK-18)	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate cytokeratin-18 (CK-18)	6 months
Change in serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA)	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate Malondialdehyde (MDA)	6 months
Change in fasting Insulin serum level with calculation of Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate Fasting insulin with calculation of Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR).	6 months
Change in serum level of Total lipid profile (Total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein cholesterol and Triglycerides) with calculation of Low density lipoprotein.	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate Total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein cholesterol and Triglycerides with calculation of Low density lipoprotein.	6 months
Change in serum level of Liver enzymes; Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alk. Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)	Blood samples will be collected at baseline and after 6 months of receiving the intervention therapy to evaluate Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alk. Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tanta University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Hadier m. El-sheikh, Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta university

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M, Harrison SA, Brunt EM, Sanyal AJ. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018 Jan;67(1):328-357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367. Epub 2017 Sep 29. No abstract available.
• Venetsanaki V, Karabouta Z, Polyzos SA. Farnesoid X nuclear receptor agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;863:172661. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172661. Epub 2019 Sep 16.
• Yang ZX, Shen W, Sun H. Effects of nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of liver lipid metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int. 2010 Aug 12;4(4):741-8. doi: 10.1007/s12072-010-9202-6.
• Fuchs M. Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease: the bile Acid-activated farnesoid x receptor as an emerging treatment target. J Lipids. 2012;2012:934396. doi: 10.1155/2012/934396. Epub 2011 Dec 7.

Helpful Links

• Obeticholic action; all you need to know

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 25, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 5, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 6, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 10, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 9, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: NAFLD, non alcoholic fatty liver, fatty liver
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Liver Diseases; Fatty Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Protective Agents; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Antioxidants; Vitamin E
• Other Study ID Numbers: 34512/2/21

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: There is not a plan to make IPD available

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No