Precision Breast Conserving Surgery With Guidance.

January 29, 2023 updated by: The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University

Precision Breast Conserving Surgery With the Guidance of Localization Combined With Multidetector CT 3-dimensional Image Reconstruction: a Single Center, Prospective, Cohort Study.

From 2021 to 2022, 31 patients with unifocal breast cancer were enrolled for precision breast conserving surgery (PBCS) guided by wire guided localization (WGL) combined with CT guided 3D reconstruction. Surrounded WGL was performed under local anesthesia, followed by an immediate contrast enhanced CT scan. PBCS guided by CT guided 3D reconstruction was performed one day after the localization. Women who underwent palpation guided breast conserving surgery (BCS) were included as control. Two-sided Student t test, Fisher's exact test and chi-square test was applied.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Background Breast conserving surgery (BCS) with radiation is accepted as a standard local treatment for early-stage breast cancer. This is largely based on the results of NSABP B-06 trial， demonstrating no significant difference in survival among patients who received total mastectomy or lumpectomy [1]. More recent studies showed that the overall survival was superior for BCS compared with mastectomy [2,3,4]. Furthermore, long-term quality of life (QoL) was better in patients treated with BCS than with mastectomy [5]. Advantages in survival and QoL have led to a higher demand for BCS.

Success of BCS is characterized by negative margins and a good cosmetic outcome. This requires doctors to precisely remove the tumor while preserving as much normal tissue as possible. Current guidelines strongly recommend achieving "no ink on tumor" for invasive breast cancer (IBC) . More widely clear margins do not significantly decrease the rate of ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBCR) [6]. However, conventional localization techniques only provide approximate tumor center and fail to provide tumor extents [7]. In clinical practice, doctors may remove more tissue to achieve negative margins and avoid a reoperative intervention. Among the patients treating with BCS, 30% survivals were dissatisfied with the cosmetic outcome [8].

Wire-guided localization (WGL) is a feasible, widely used technology used for the localization of nonpalpable breast lesions prior to surgical management. The flexible self-retaining wire can be inserted into the exact lesion guided by ultrasound (US) or mammography. The surgeon than uses the wire as a guide to excise the lesion [9]. At the same time, the metal needle is visible under CT. The role of multidetector CT (MDCT) is limited in the diagnosis of breast tumors [10,11]. However, MDCT has many unique advantages. First of all, patients are in the supine position during MDCT scan, which is consistent with the surgical position. Secondly, MDCT is effective for the detection of tumor extension [12]. Beside, MDCT is convenient for 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. MDCT guided 3D reconstruction has been widely used in clinic, including surgery guidance. Therefore, we speculate that WGL combined with MDCT can be helpful for precision breast conserving surgery (PBCS).

The aims of this cohort study were to determine whether WGL combined with MDCT guided 3D reconstruction could guide PBCS, and to access the cosmetic outcome reported by patients.

Study Design We did a single center, prospective, cohort study in one group of our department from August 2021 to June 2022. The treatment for all patients were discussed by the multi-disciplinary team in our center. The decision in this study was decided by shared decision-making between patients and multi-disciplinary teams. All procedures for the enrolled patients were performed by one surgeon. All CT images were processed by an experienced radiologist. All specimens were evaluated by two experienced pathologists.

The study was conducted with the approval of the institutional ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (2021-SR-226) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Pathologic Evaluation Pathologists performed intraoperative frozen section analysis. The size of the breast specimen was measured, and the specimen was sliced sequentially into 5mm sections. Then, the length of the margins and the size of the tumor were measured with both the naked eye and microscope. Ink on tumor was defined as a positive margin. When a positive margin was encountered, the surgeon decided to perform an additional incision or a total mastectomy. After the surgery, hematoxylin eosin stain was also performed to confirm the intraoperative analysis and the final report was subject to hematoxylin eosin stain. All pathological examinations were performed by two pathologists with more than 10 years of experience in breast pathologic examination independently.

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) cosmetic subscale was used to access patient reported cosmetic outcomes in our study [19]. The cosmetic subscale of BCTOS contains 8 items (showing in Supplementary Table 1) designed to assess womens'subjective evaluations of cosmetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 4 by the patient, with 1 indicated no difference compared with the untreated breast, 2 slight, 3 moderate, and 4 a large difference. The score was derived from the mean of the answers for each item, with higher scores indicating more adverse effects. Participants completed the scale at baseline (before surgery), 1 month post operation and 6 months post radiotherapy (RT). The scores were statistically analyzed to show the cosmetic changes reported by patients.

Statistical Analysis Quantitive data were reported as the mean with standard deviation. The sample size was calculated as 31 in the PBCS group. The baseline characteristics in the two groups were well balanced. So, the differences between the two groups were analyzed with the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Student t test for continuous variables. All P values were two-sided with 5% significance levels. All analyses were performed using the software STATA version 11.0 (Computer Resource Center, America).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

92

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Jiangsu
      • Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210000
        • The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • women with T1/T2 invasive breast cancer confirmed by core biopsy
  • be suitable for BCS
  • the tumor should be unilateral and unifocal which is clearly visible with US

Exclusion Criteria:

  • patients with an extensive intraductal component in invasive cancer
  • patients who were pregnant or breast-feeding
  • patients receiving neoadjuvant therapies.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: PBCS
patients enrolled in the PBCS group underwent precision breast conserving surgery guided by wire guided localization combined with MDCT guided 3D reconstruction.
Procedure: precision breast conserving surgery guided by wire guided localization combined with MDCT guided 3D reconstruction
Local anesthesia was induced by using 1% lidocaine before wire location. The wire (localization set, PAJUNK) was placed in the superior, inferior, lateral and interior edge of the tumor through a 20-gauge needle using US guidance one day before BCS, respectively. Then, the patient underwent an immediate supine contrast enhanced CT (Philips Brilliance iCT) scan of the breast. The radiologist performed 3D reconstruction of CT images prior to surgery. Finally, the surgical procedures were performed by experienced breast surgeons combing 3D reconstruction of CT images and wire localizations one day after the localization.
NO_INTERVENTION: Control
patients enrolled in the Control group underwent palpation guided breast conserving surgery

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The sum of located margin resection widths
Time Frame: 1 month post operation
The sum of the resection widths of located superior, inferior, lateral and interior margins
1 month post operation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The specimen diameter
Time Frame: 1 month post operation
The diameter of the breast specimen was measured by pathologists
1 month post operation
the largest margin resection width
Time Frame: 1 month post operation
the largest resection width of the located superior, inferior, lateral and interior margins
1 month post operation
Operation time
Time Frame: intraoperative
the duration of the surgery
intraoperative
Patients reported outcomes
Time Frame: participants completed the scale at baseline (before surgery), 1 month post operation and 6 months post radiotherapy (RT)
Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) cosmetic subscale was used to access patient reported cosmetic outcomes in our study.
participants completed the scale at baseline (before surgery), 1 month post operation and 6 months post radiotherapy (RT)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Hui Xie, Doctor, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

August 1, 2021

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

June 30, 2022

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

January 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 9, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 29, 2023

First Posted (ACTUAL)

February 1, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

February 1, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 29, 2023

Last Verified

January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PBCST

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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