- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT05858996
Testing the Pain Clinical Practice Guideline
Testing the Pain Clinical Practice Guideline Using the Evidence Integration Triangle
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Pain is a common symptom among older adults in nursing home settings affecting 30% to 80% of residents living with dementia. Pain is not assessed, the underlying cause is not identified and treatment is not initiated for a large percentage of residents living with dementia in nursing homes. Lack of accurate pain evaluation results in untreated or over-treated pain. Untreated or over-treated pain can lower quality of life, negatively impact function, impair sleep, and increase behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia. Reasons for lack of pain assessment, diagnosis and management for residents living with dementia include lack of knowledge among staff on how to evaluate and treat pain, limited options for complete pain relief, concerns related to use of opioids, and beliefs that pain is a normal part of aging among others.
For those with moderate to severe dementia verbal reporting of pain may not be reliable and observational approaches are recommended. Pain in individuals living with dementia is more likely to present with aggression, agitation, repetitive vocalizations, restlessness, sleep disturbances, withdrawal, and apathy and may be incorrectly treated with psychotropic medications. Evaluation and management of pain is also complicated by differences between sex/gender, racial and ethnic groups. In some studies individuals living with dementia who were older, male, or Black were less likely to verbally report having pain or to be treated for pain compared to those who were younger, female, or white. With regard to treatment, there is some evidence that nonpharmacological treatments and analgesics can decrease pain among individuals living with dementia. Engaging individuals, particularly those living with dementia, in interventions to manage pain such as physical activity or positioning can be difficult and staff need education and techniques to use to motivate residents in these activities.
Evidence based pain assessment, diagnosis and management approaches for nursing home residents, including residents living with dementia, were recently incorporated into a new Pain Management Clinical Practice Guideline (Pain CPG). Translation of Clinical Practice Guidelines or evidence based practices into real world settings are slow to occur and innovative approaches are needed. In prior work to facilitate translation of best practices the investigators developed a successful theoretically based approach that utilized the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory and was guided by the Evidence Integration Triangle. Using this theoretically based approach there was a change in staff and resident behavior related to increasing residents' physical activity using a function focused care approach and increased use of nonpharmacological approaches to address behavioral symptoms associated with dementia. The purpose of this study is to utilize the previously established theoretically based approach to translate use of the new Pain Management CPG into nursing home settings and improve the assessment, diagnosis and management of pain among residents living with dementia. The theoretically based approach combined with the Pain Management CPG is referred to as the PAIN-CPG-EIT. The PAIN-CPG-EIT is initiated by a research nurse facilitator who works with community champions and a stakeholder team for 12 months to provide four components: Component I: Establishing and meeting monthly with a stakeholder team and champion(s) to establish community goals related to pain and review the Pain Management CPG; Component II: Education of the staff about assessment, diagnosis and management of pain of residents living with dementia based on the Pain Management CPG; Component III: Mentoring and motivating staff to assess, diagnose and manage pain; and Component IV: Ongoing monitoring of pain assessment, diagnosis and management and feedback to the stakeholder team. Twelve communities will be randomized to treatment (PAIN-CPG-EIT) or Education Only (EO) and 25 residents living with dementia and pain will be recruited per community. The first aim of this study is to: Test the effectiveness of use of the PAIN-CPG-EIT to improve the assessment, diagnosis and management of pain and decrease pain intensity among nursing home residents living with dementia. The second aim is to evaluate treatment fidelity related to use of the PAIN-CPG-EIT based on delivery, receipt and enactment. The third aim is to: a. test for gender/sex and race invariance in pain measurement based on the Pain in Alzheimer's Disease (PAIN-AD) measure; and b. test for differences in treatment of pain and response to treatment between male and female and Black versus White residents living with dementia. Findings will help to improve the assessment, diagnosis and management of pain and evaluate health disparities and equity among older adults living with dementia experiencing pain. Demonstrating effectiveness of this approach to using the Pain Management CPG will facilitate future work disseminating and implementing this CPG.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Phase 2
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Maryland
-
Ellicott City, Maryland, United States, 21042
- Recruiting
- Communicare Ellicott City
-
Contact:
- Tarnisha Fitzgerald, RN
- Phone Number: 443-812-2735
- Email: tafitzgerald@chs-corp.com
-
Glen Burnie, Maryland, United States, 21060
- Not yet recruiting
- Communicare Marley Station
-
Contact:
- Mike Lavin, BA
- Phone Number: 410-768-8200
-
Rockville, Maryland, United States, 20852
- Recruiting
- Charles E Smilth Life Community
-
Contact:
- Susan Boettger, MBA
- Phone Number: 301-816-5092
- Email: boettger@ceslc.org
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Living in a participating community
- 60 years of age or older
- Evidence of dementia based on a score of 0-12 on the Brief Interview of Mental Status (BIMS); a score of >2 on the AD8 Dementia Screening Interview; a score of 0.5 to 2.0 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR); and lastly to differentiate between dementia and mild cognitive impairment a score of 9 or greater on the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).
- have evidence of pain at the time of recruitment based on the Minimum Data set assessment item: How much of the time over the past 5 days have you experienced pain or hurting with eligibility based on the following responses or evidence: occasionally, frequently or almost constantly, or staff report of pain at the same frequency; or if the resident is receiving nonpharmacological or pharmacological treatment for pain.
Exclusion Criteria:
- admitted to the nursing home for short-stay rehabilitation or other subacute needs (e.g., intravenous antibiotics);
- receiving Hospice care.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Pain-CPG-EIT
The four components of the PAIN-CPG-EIT are provided by a research nurse facilitator working with the champion(s) and stakeholder team.
Following the first stakeholder team meeting, the research nurse facilitator works 8 hours weekly during months one and two and then for four hours weekly months three to 12 to implement: Component I: Stakeholder team meeting and goal setting; Component II: Education of the staff; Component III: Mentoring and motivating the staff to address pain using the Pain Management CPG ; and Component IV: Ongoing monitoring of pain management in the community based on the Pain Management CPG.
|
Following randomization champions and stakeholder team members from the communities will be identified. The investigators will recommend the following individuals to be members of the stakeholder team: a nurse in a leadership position (e.g., director of nursing); the designated champion(s); nursing home administrator; physician/medical director, nurse practitioner and/or physician assistant; unit nurse; nursing assistant; activity staff; social worker; pharmacist; and rehabilitation therapists. Following the first stakeholder team meeting, treatment communities will be provided with a research nurse facilitator to work 8 hours weekly during months one and two and then for four hours weekly starting in month three for a total of 12 months to provide the four components of the PAIN-CPG-EIT. |
Active Comparator: Pain-CPG-Education Only
Communities randomized to education only will be provided with staff education using our developed Powerpoint for Component II of the PAIN-CPG-EIT intervention in 30 minute sessions as is currently done in usual practice.
They will also be given access to an online copy of the Pain Management CPG.
The education will be provided in the preferred format (e.g., face-to-face; webinar).
|
The Pain-CPG-Education only group will be provided with the same education as used in Component II of the Pain-CPG-EIT intervention.
The education will be provided based on the preferences of the community (this may be face-to-face; online; or via handouts).
Other Names:
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
pain assessment completed
Time Frame: baseline
|
whether or not an appropriate pain assessment is completed
|
baseline
|
pain assessment completed
Time Frame: four months
|
whether or not an appropriate pain assessment is completed
|
four months
|
pain assessment completed
Time Frame: twelve months
|
whether or not an appropriate pain assessment is completed
|
twelve months
|
Pain management in careplan
Time Frame: baseline
|
evidence that there is a pain management plan in the careplan
|
baseline
|
Pain management in careplan
Time Frame: 4 months
|
evidence that there is a pain management plan in the careplan
|
4 months
|
Pain management in careplan
Time Frame: 12 months
|
evidence that there is a pain management plan in the careplan
|
12 months
|
Appropriate use of opioids
Time Frame: baseline
|
Review of 10 factors that indicate that opioids are being used appropriately as per the CPG.
scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more appropriate use of opioids.
|
baseline
|
Appropriate use of opioids
Time Frame: four months
|
Review of 10 factors that indicate that opioids are being used appropriately as per the CPG.
scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more appropriate use of opioids.
|
four months
|
Appropriate use of opioids
Time Frame: 12 months
|
Review of 10 factors that indicate that opioids are being used appropriately as per the CPG.
scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more appropriate use of opioids.
|
12 months
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Pain in Alzheimer's Disease (PAIN-AD)
Time Frame: baseline
|
The PAIN-AD is a 5 item observation measure of pain for older adults living with dementia.
Scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more pain
|
baseline
|
Pain in Alzheimer's Disease (PAIN-AD)
Time Frame: 4 months
|
The PAIN-AD is a 5 item observation measure of pain for older adults living with dementia.
Scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more pain.
|
4 months
|
Pain in Alzheimer's Disease (PAIN-AD)
Time Frame: 12 months
|
The PAIN-AD is a 5 item observation measure of pain for older adults living with dementia.
Scores can range from 0 to 10 and higher scores indicate more pain.
|
12 months
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- HP-00105286
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
IPD Sharing Time Frame
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
- ANALYTIC_CODE
- CSR
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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