Implant Placement Using Open Sinus Elevation Technique With and Without Bone Grafting Material

Survivability of Dental Implants Placed in Atrophic Maxillae Using Open Sinus Elevation Technique With and Without Bone Grafting Material. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The success rate of dental implants after graftless sinus augmentation versus conventional sinus augmentation surgery in atrophic maxillae in edentulous patients was investigated and it was concluded that despite the bone gain in ten garftless side, implant survival were significantly lower in the non-grafted side. One year later, Lie et al., conducted a systematic review to evaluate efficacy of graftless maxillary sinus membrane elevation using the lateral window approach for implantation in the atrophic maxilla. It showed a high implant survival rate in non-grafted maxillary sinus lifts and conventional sinus lifts using augmentation materials and there was no significant difference in the ISQ values between both procedures. However, further randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up were recommended.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Sinus Elevation
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Open sinus lifting without bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement; Procedure: Open sinus lifting with bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement

Detailed Description

It is well documented in literature that after dental extractions, the alveolar ridge will undergo some changes in volume both in hard and soft tissue both in the anterior and posterior region of the oral cavity. This adds challenges to properly place dental implants following tooth extraction in a good prosthetic position, specifically in the Maxillary posterior region due to the proximity of the Maxillary Sinus. Maxillary sinus pneumatization is an ongoing process that occurs naturally causing increased maxillary sinus volume on the expense of the alveolar ridge. When the combination of sinus pneumatization and bony atrophy of the maxilla occurs following tooth extractions together over time, the edentulous ridge dimension can be very minimal.

Numerous techniques were suggested to facilitate implant placement in atrophic posterior maxilla. The first proposed technique was the Maxillary Open sinus technique, it was first proposed by Dr. O. Hilt Tatum at an implant meeting in Alabama, however, Boyne and James in 1980 were the first to publish this surgical technique. In order to regain the vertical dimension, open sinus technique was originally performed in a staged manner over two steps, where the implant was placed after a healing period after Maxillary sinus augmentation, however, the different sinus elevation techniques, whether staged or one step did not seem to affect the implant success rate and showed bone gain of up to 12 mm.

Some authors suggested less invasive techniques that were of less discomfort to the patient, more cost effective and less time consuming. Summers proposed the osteotome technique, where similar to traditional drilling, an osteotomy is prepared using a set of osteotomes 1mm short of the sinus floor, followed by fracturing of the floor using the proper sized osteotome with bone graft material, which will allow the introduction of bone grafting material into the sinus floor, followed by the placement of the dental implant. However it was limited to 5 mm in terms of bone gain compared to 12 mm bone gain in the open sinus technique. Over the years, modifications to Summers original technique were made. Short dental implants were proposed; however, a review of the literature reveals implants shorter than 10 mm often have a higher failure rate than longer implants. These complications may be related to an increase in crown height, higher bite forces in the posterior regions, and less bone density. As a result, methods to decrease stresses to the bone-implant interface are to be researched. This necessitates and puts the clinician in a situation where the open sinus procedure is sometimes inevitable.

The formation of bone in elevated sinus space was a mystery and its reason was unknown. However a histological study showed the osteogenic potential of the Schneiderian membrane when it was subcutaneously placed in rats suggesting that bone genesis could be directly related to the presence of the Schneiderian membrane in the maxillary sinus regardless the presence or absence of a bone grafting material. This technique was based on the concept that the lifting of the sinus membrane and the establishment of a compartment with a blood clot could result in new bone around the inserted implants in a similar way that bone-graft materials maintain the augmented space and promote osteogenesis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Ahmed I Abo El Futtouh, Dr; Phone Number: +201019999983; Email: ahmedkey7@hotmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Inas M El-Zayat, Assoc.Prof; Phone Number: +01222361579; Email: inas.elzayat@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Edentulous atrophic posterior maxillary ridge.
2. Residual alveolar ridge height within 3-5mm.
3. At least 2mm band of keratinized tissue.
4. Patients with good oral hygiene.
5. Compliant patients to the follow up periods.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Medically compromised patients.
2. Smokers.
3. Pregnant females.
4. Patients with active periodontal disease.
5. Bruxer patients.
6. Patients with chronic or active sinusitis.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Open sinus lifting without bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement; When adequate release of the membrane is achieved and deemed enough by the operator, an osteotomy is created in the edentulous area following the drilling sequence provided by the implant system used. the implant placement is done directly with the implant motor and the use of a hand driver if needed to adjust the implant platform relation to the crestal bone, followed by cover screw placement.	Procedure: Open sinus lifting without bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement; no bone graft will be used after open sinus lifting
Active Comparator: Open sinus lifting with bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement; When adequate release of the membrane is achieved and deemed enough by the operator, an osteotomy is created in the edentulous area following the drilling sequence provided by the implant system used. the palatal packing of bone is made before the implant placement, as the palatal aspect of the sinus will be inaccessible after placement of the implant, the implant placement is done directly with the implant motor and the use of a hand driver if needed to adjust the implant platform relation to the crestal bone, followed by cover screw placement.	Procedure: Open sinus lifting with bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement; bone graft will be packed palatally after open sinus elevation and before implant placement, then implant placement will took place followed by packing of bone grafts

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Long- term Implant Stability	Resonance frequency analysis will be employed with a dedicated device (Osstell).	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Implant survivability	Individual unattached implant that is immobile when tested clinically, radiography that does not demonstrate evidence of peri-implant radiolucency, Bone loss that is less than 0.2 mm annually after the implant's first year of service, No persistent pain, discomfort or infection	12 months
Vertical bone height formed	CBCTS	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Misr International University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 17, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): January 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 23, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 22, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: dental implants; bone grafting; posterior maxilla
• Other Study ID Numbers: IDCE.N8

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No