The Effect of Distraction With a Kaleidoscope on the Level of Perceived Pain During Blood Sampling in Children

This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of distracting children with a kaleidoscope during blood sampling on their perception of pain during the procedure and to increase and improve the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of these methods across different populations and cultures.

Hypothesis 0 (H0): There is no difference between the pain scores of the kaleidoscope group and the control group during blood sampling.

Hypothesis 1 (H1): There is a difference between the pain scores of the kaleidoscope group and the control group during blood sampling.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: kaleidoscope

Detailed Description

A pain-free life is the right of every child. Eliminating pain and improving the quality of life of children is one of the main goals of nursing care. Pediatric nurses should choose the appropriate assessment tool for the child's age and developmental characteristics and diagnose pain correctly. For this purpose, nurses can use appropriate distraction methods. Since the nurse is the healthcare worker who is with the child and family the most throughout the day, s/he should closely monitor and evaluate the child's pain and inform the child and family about the principles of pain control. Many hospitals in Türkiye generally do not use any non-pharmacologic methods to reduce procedural pain. Given that distraction techniques are inexpensive and easy to use, and that reducing children's pain may reduce negative feelings towards future procedures, it is important to examine the effectiveness of such methods. In our study, a kaleidoscope, one of the methods of distraction to reduce pain during blood sampling in children, was used. A kaleidoscope is a game tool that helps distract the child's attention from procedural pain and shows the external image by reproducing it when viewed through it. This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of distracting children with a kaleidoscope during blood sampling on their perception of pain during the procedure and to increase and improve the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of these methods across different populations and cultures.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Trabzon, Turkey, 61080
    • Karadeniz Technical University Health Application and Research Center Farabi Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• were being 7-12 years of age
• not having an auditory or visual disability
• not taking analgesics in the last eight hours
• not having any pain caused by other reasons before the procedure
• having vascular access and blood sampling interventions

Exclusion Criteria:

• having physical or mental disability
• having any nerve damage

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: kaleidoscope group; The children in the kaleidoscope group were shown the kaleidoscope by the researcher five minutes before the blood sampling, and they were encouraged to look at the kaleidoscope during the procedure and describe the patterns they saw.	Device: kaleidoscope; The children in the kaleidoscope group were shown the kaleidoscope by the researcher five minutes before the blood sampling, and they were encouraged to look at the kaleidoscope during the procedure and describe the patterns they saw. All children in the Kaleidoscope group agreed to participate in the study. All children in the kaleidoscope group were asked to look at the kaleidoscope just before the tourniquet was placed on their arms before the blood sampling procedure and to describe the patterns, they saw in it by turning it slowly during the procedure.
No Intervention: control group; This group underwent routine blood sampling procedures and did not receive any intervention to reduce their pain.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Wong-Baker Pain Scale	The scale was developed by Wong and Baker (1981) to assess pain between the ages of 3-18 years. It has been reported in the literature that it accurately measures children's pain. The scale has numerical values according to each facial expression. The lowest and the highest values are 0 and 5. As the score on the scale increases, sensitivity to pain decreases, and as the score decreases, sensitivity increases.	5 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: İlknur KAHRİMAN
• Investigators: Study Director: Ilknur Kahriman, Assoc. Prof., Karadeniz Technical University; Principal Investigator: Beyhan Turkan, Master, TRABZON KANUNI EDUCATION RESEARCH HOSPITAL

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 30, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 30, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 17, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 8, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pain; Distraction; Non-pharmacological treatment; Blood collection; Schoolchild
• Other Study ID Numbers: KAHRİMAN İlknur

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No