Combined Land- and Water-Based Core and Lower Extremity Strength Training in Improving the Jump Performance Among Volleyball and Basketball Players

May 20, 2024 updated by: Mariano Marcos State University

Combined Land- and Water-Based Core and Lower Extremity Strength Training in Improving the Jump Performance Among Volleyball and Basketball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Given conflicting studies regarding the effect of land-based and water-based training on the jump performance of volleyball and basketball players, a randomized controlled trial is conducted. This study hypothesizes that combined land- and water-based core and lower strength training significantly increase jump performance of volleyball and basketball players in comparison to either land- and/or water-based training alone.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Numerous studies focused on the effect of sole land- or water-based exercise training to improve either core and/or lower extremities alone, which could result in improved jump performance. With the continuously increasing popularity of volleyball and basketball, where players get better and better, competition in these fields is also heightened. Hence, identifying other methods to improve game performance, such as improving muscle strength and jump performance can be explored to contribute to the existing literature and could benefit the volleyball and basketball players themselves, trainers/coaches, universities competing in sports competitions locally, nationally, and even internationally, and to physical therapists who are venturing to sports physical therapy.

The study then seeks to investigate whether combined land- and water-based exercises targeting the core and lower extremity muscle strength can enhance the jump performance of basketball and volleyball players. With this, a three-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial is being conducted among basketball and volleyball players. Participants are grouped into combined land- and water-based exercise, land-based exercise, and water-based exercise.

To proceed with the implementation, the researchers acquired ethical clearance from the MMSU Ethics and Review Board. Recruitment of participants happened within a University at Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Acquisition of informed consent was done before other screening procedures to identify the eligibility of participants to participate in the study. Eligible participants were randomized accordingly to either the three (3) aforementioned groups.

The exercises implemented in each group are based on existing literature regarding their effect on either the core or lower extremity strength, and combined to create a new and applicable exercise program, These exercise programs were also verified applicable by two licensed physical therapists who are also well-versed in strength training protocols. The participants are being trained accordingly one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks.

As to the pre-and post-test measurements of the primary and secondary outcomes, assessment is done by two independent licensed physical therapists who are blinded to the participants and interventions. Moreover, the assessors are well-versed in the assessment of the different outcome measurements (Plank core strength test, 1RM, 10-meter Sprint Test, Margaria-Kalaman Power Test) and in using the MyJump Lab Mobile App, duly purchased by the researchers, used for the assessment of countermovement jump and squat jump.

The SPSS version 22 will be used for data analysis by an independent statistician. Descriptive and comparative statistics will be used to analyze all data within- and between-groups, respectively. For the descriptive statistics, frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation will be utilized, while the two-way ANOVA and/or the paired T-test will be utilized for the comparative statistics.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

21

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Philippines
    • Il
      • Batac, Il, Philippines, 2906
        • Mariano Marcos State University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria. Volleyball and basketball players, specifically who:

  • are at least 18 years-old,
  • are enrolled in an Ilocos-based university during the second semester of academic year 2023-2024,
  • played in at least one (1) official university-wide game,
  • are physically prepared for the training, which is identified using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnare for Everyone (PAR-Q+), and
  • have provided informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria: Volleyball and basketball players who:

  • sustained injuries within 6 weeks before the start of the study,
  • have uncontrolled angina, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled dysrhythmias, recent history of congestive heart failure, and/or severe aortic valve disease,
  • has condition/s that is/are contraindicated for pool therapy such as open wounds, skin infections, high fever, incontinence, fear of water, etc.,
  • answered "Yes" to at least one question from the PAR-Q+; and
  • declined to participate.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Combined Land- and Water-Based Exercise
Core and lower extremity strengthening exercises done on both land and water.
Other: Combined Land- and Water-Based Exercise

Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented both on land and in water. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises:

Land-based exercise:

  1. Plank exercise
  2. Russian twist
  3. Push-up
  4. Goblet squat
  5. Kettle bell swing

Water-based exercise:

  1. Flutter kicks
  2. Isometric core crunches
  3. Jump lunges
  4. Kicks
  5. Resisted knee flexion
Active Comparator: Land-Based Exercise
Core and lower extremity strengthening exercises that are implemented solely on land.
Other: Land-Based Exercise

Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented on land. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises:

  1. Plank exercise
  2. Russian twist
  3. Dead bug
  4. Push-up
  5. Goblet squat
  6. Nordic hamstring curl
  7. Lunges
  8. Kettle bell swing
  9. Calf raises
  10. Bird dog
Active Comparator: Water-Based Exercise
Core and lower extremity strengthening exercises that are implemented solely in water.
Other: Water-Based Exercise

Strengthening exercises targeting the core and lower extremities (quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius) were implemented in the water. The exercises are done for approximately one hour/day, three days/week for two consecutive weeks. The following are the included exercises:

  1. Core pulls
  2. Flutter kicks
  3. Water cycling
  4. Isometric core crunches
  5. Seated push-up
  6. Jump squats
  7. Jump lunges
  8. Kicks
  9. Ankle jumps
  10. Resisted knee flexion

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Vertical Jump
Time Frame: 2 weeks
This outcome measure is assessed using the manual vertical reach test technique. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks
Countermovement Jump
Time Frame: 2 weeks
This outcome measure is assessed using the MyJump Lab Application. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks
Squat Jump
Time Frame: 2 weeks
This outcome measure is assessed using the MyJump Lab Application. Unit of measurement is in centimeters (cm). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Core Strength
Time Frame: 2 weeks
Best time for plank will be assessed, measured in seconds (s). Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks
Quadriceps-Hamstring Strength
Time Frame: 2 weeks
This outcome measure used the 1RM of the participant, measured in pounds (lbs), as measurement of Quadriceps-Hamstring strength. Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks
Gastrocnemius strength
Time Frame: 2 weeks
This outcome measure will simply use the Manual Muscle Test (MMT) as the basis, using scale method as elaborated by Brown and Avers (2019)'s Manual Testing 10th edition. Pre- and post-test measurement will be gathered.
2 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Mariano Marcos State University

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Mary Audrey D Viloria, Mariano Marcos State University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 26, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 12, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

May 17, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 8, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 10, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

May 14, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 21, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 20, 2024

Last Verified

May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PT-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Based on the approved ethical considerations of the study by the ethics review board, the raw data will be kept with utmost confidentiality for at most five years. It can be viewed if required by the public, but with limitations, such as the provision of code names of participants to abide with data privacy.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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