- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01999075
Stacking Exercises Aid the Decline in FVC and Sick Time (STEADFAST)
Stacking Exercises Attenuate the Decline in Forced Vital Capacity and Sick Time (STEADFAST)
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Background: Respiratory complications are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality associated with childhood Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Involvement of the respiratory muscles leads to progressive hypoventilation and/or recurrent atelectasis and pneumonia secondary to decreased cough efficacy. Lung volume recruitment (LVR) is a means of stacking breaths to achieve maximal lung inflation (MIC), prevent micro-atelectasis, and improve cough efficacy. Although it has been recommended by some experts as the "standard of care" for individuals with neuromuscular disease, the strategy has not been widely implemented in DMD given the lack of clinical trials to date to support its efficacy as well as the additional burden of care required in a population already requiring multiple interventions.
Primary Objective: To determine whether LVR, in addition to conventional treatment, is successful in reducing decline from baseline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 2 years (percent predicted, measured according to American Thoracic Society standards), compared to conventional treatment alone in children with DMD.
Secondary Objectives: To determine differences between children treated with LVR in addition to conventional treatment, compared to those treated with conventional treatment alone, in: (1) the number of courses of antibiotics, hospitalizations and intensive care admissions for respiratory exacerbations, (2) health-related quality of life, and (3) peak cough flow and other pulmonary function tests.
Methods: We propose a 3-year multi-centre randomized controlled trial involving fifteen tertiary care pediatric hospitals across Canada. The study population consists of boys aged 6-16 years with DMD and FVC ≥ 30% of predicted. A sample size of 110 participants will be enrolled. This has been informed by chart review and survey of participating centres to be feasible, and will be re-assessed with an ongoing internal pilot study. Intervention: Participants will be allocated with a minimization procedure to receive conventional treatment (non-invasive ventilation, nutritional supplementation, physiotherapy and/or antibiotics, as decided by the treating physician) or conventional treatment plus twice daily LVR exercises performed with an inexpensive, portable self-inflating resuscitation bag containing a one-way valve and a mouthpiece. Data Analysis: The primary outcome (change in percent predicted FVC over 2 years) will be compared between the two study groups using an analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) that takes into account baseline FVC and minimization factors.
Importance: Decline in pulmonary function among children with DMD negatively affects quality of life and predicts mortality. The relatively simple strategy of LVR has the potential to optimize pulmonary function and reduce respiratory exacerbations, thereby improving quality of life for individuals with DMD. This study is novel in that it is the first randomized controlled trial of LVR. A major strength is that the results will give support or refute recommendations regarding inclusion of LVR in the standard of care for individuals with DMD worldwide.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 4
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Alberta
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Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8
- Alberta Children's Hospital
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Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, TGG 2J3
- Stollery Children's Hospital
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British Columbia
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Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6H 3V4
- BC Children's Hospital
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Ontario
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Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster University
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London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 4G5
- London Health Sciences
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Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4G 1R8
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
- SickKids Hospital
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Quebec
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Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Hopital Ste. Justine
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 6-16 years - This age range was selected as there are accepted normative pulmonary function data and children 6 years of age and older are generally able to reliably perform pulmonary function tests. Children are followed in participating centres until they reach 18 years of age (allowing two years of follow-up).
- Clinical phenotypic features consistent with DMD and confirmed by either: (1) Muscle biopsy showing complete dystrophin deficiency; (2) Genetic test positive for deletion or duplication in the dystrophin gene resulting in an 'out-of-frame' mutation; or (3) Dystrophin gene sequencing showing a mutation associated with DMD.
- FVC ≥ 30% predicted - This range of pulmonary function was selected to exclude those with severe restrictive respiratory impairment, who are less likely to be able to reliably perform pulmonary function testing over a two year period.
- A caregiver willing to provide the therapy
- Fluency in English or French
Exclusion Criteria:
- Unable to perform pulmonary function tests and/or LVR manoeuvre
- Presence of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube
- Already using LVR and/or the Respironics in-exsufflator between and during respiratory infections
- Known susceptibility to pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum
- Uncontrolled asthma or other obstructive lung disease
- Symptomatic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction less than 50% )
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Placebo Comparator: Conventional Treatment
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This may include: a. Physiotherapy, consisting of percussion, active cycle of breathing and/or postural drainage; b.
Nutritional support, consisting of oral or tube-fed dietary supplements; c.
Antibiotics (oral or intravenous), if there is evidence of respiratory infection; d.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, if there is evidence of nocturnal hypoventilation or sleep-disordered breathing; e. Systemic steroids
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Active Comparator: Lung Volume Recruitment
Conventional treatment plus the use of Lung Volume Recruitment (LVR) twice per day
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This may include: a. Physiotherapy, consisting of percussion, active cycle of breathing and/or postural drainage; b.
Nutritional support, consisting of oral or tube-fed dietary supplements; c.
Antibiotics (oral or intravenous), if there is evidence of respiratory infection; d.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, if there is evidence of nocturnal hypoventilation or sleep-disordered breathing; e. Systemic steroids
LVR will be used twice per day
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Relative decline in FVC (%-predicted) over 2 years, measured according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards, using the Stanojevic normative equations.
Time Frame: 2 years
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Relative decline in FVC (%-predicted) was chosen as the primary outcome as it is a strong predictor of subsequent respiratory failure and mortality.
Although survival is not a realistic endpoint for this trial, given expected mortality is less than 5% for the pediatric age group, FVC decline is an appropriate clinical laboratory measure and valid surrogate endpoint to use for this trial.
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2 years
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Time to FVC decline of 10% of predicted.
Time Frame: 2 years
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2 years
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Total number and duration of outpatient oral antibiotic courses, hospital and ICU admissions for respiratory exacerbations over 2 years
Time Frame: 2 years
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2 years
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Health-related quality of life over 2 years
Time Frame: 2 years
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Measured biannually with PedsQL 4.0, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
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2 years
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Change in unassisted peak cough flow (PCF), maximal insufflation capacity (MIC), maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), as well as MIC and PCF with LVR, over 2 years
Time Frame: 2 years
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2 years
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Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Maximal and average pressure achieved with LVR (cmH2O)
Time Frame: 2 years
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2 years
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Respiratory symptoms
Time Frame: 2 years
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Respiratory symptoms, as assessed every 3 months by phone and personnel interview at clinic visits (Appendix 10_A self-report usage diary (Appendix 12)will be given to the participant to record daily activities to help with recall at the telephone follow ups
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2 years
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Satisfaction with LVR
Time Frame: 2 years
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Satisfaction with LVR, as assessed every 3 months by phone
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2 years
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Collaborators and Investigators
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Sherri Katz, MD, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
- Study Director: Ian MacLusky, MD, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
- Study Director: Nicholas Barrowman, PhD, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Morrow B, Argent A, Zampoli M, Human A, Corten L, Toussaint M. Cough augmentation techniques for people with chronic neuromuscular disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 22;4(4):CD013170. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013170.pub2.
- Katz SL, Mah JK, McMillan HJ, Campbell C, Bijelic V, Barrowman N, Momoli F, Blinder H, Aaron SD, McAdam LC, Nguyen TTD, Tarnopolsky M, Wensley DF, Zielinski D, Rose L, Sheers N, Berlowitz DJ, Wolfe L, McKim D. Routine lung volume recruitment in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomised clinical trial. Thorax. 2022 Aug;77(8):805-811. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218196. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 12/26E
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
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