SARC024: A Blanket Protocol to Study Oral Regorafenib in Patients With Selected Sarcoma Subtypes

Although regorafenib was approved for use in patients who had progressive GIST despite imatinib and/or sunitinib on the basis of phase II and phase III data, it has not been examined in a systematic fashion in patients with other forms of sarcoma.

Given the activity of sorafenib, sunitinib and pazopanib in soft tissue sarcomas, and evidence of activity of sorafenib in osteogenic sarcoma and possibly Ewing/Ewing-like sarcoma, there is precedent to examine SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors) such as regorafenib in sarcomas other than GIST. It is also recognized that SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors)such as regorafenib, sorafenib, pazopanib, and sunitinib have overlapping panels of kinases that are inhibited simultaneously. While not equivalent, most of these SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors) block vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet derived growth factors receptors (VEGFRs and PDGFRs), speaking to a common mechanism of action of several of these agents.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Liposarcoma; Osteogenic Sarcoma; Ewing/Ewing-like Sarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Regorafenib; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Although regorafenib was approved for use in patients who had progressive GIST despite imatinib and/or sunitinib on the basis of phase II and phase III data, it has not been examined in a systematic fashion in patients with other forms of sarcoma.

Given the activity of sorafenib, sunitinib and pazopanib in soft tissue sarcomas, and evidence of activity of sorafenib in osteogenic sarcoma and possibly Ewing/Ewing-like sarcoma, there is precedent to examine SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors) such as regorafenib in sarcomas other than GIST. It is also recognized that SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors)such as regorafenib, sorafenib, pazopanib, and sunitinib have overlapping panels of kinases that are inhibited simultaneously. While not equivalent, most of these SMOKIs (small molecule oral kinase inhibitors) block vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet derived growth factors receptors (VEGFRs and PDGFRs), speaking to a common mechanism of action of several of these agents

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 131
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City of Hope National Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • Children's Hospital Los Angeles
    • Santa Monica, California, United States, 90403
      • Sarcoma Oncology Research Center
    • Stanford, California, United States, 94305
      • Stanford University
  • Florida
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224
      • Mayo Clinic - Florida
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33612
      • H. Lee Moffitt
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Northwestern University
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Indiana University
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Dana Farber/Partners Cancer Care
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic - Minnesota
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28203
      • Carolinas HealthCare System
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
      • Duke University
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43202
      • Ohio State University
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97239
      • Oregon Health and Science University
  • Tennessee
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
      • Vanderbilt University
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • Texas Children's Hospital
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
      • Huntsman Cancer Institute
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98109
      • Seattle Cancer Care Alliance

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 10 year for Liposarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma; Age ≥ 5 years for Rhabdomyosarcoma cohorts
• Weight ≥ 15 kg (33 lb)
• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced/metastatic liposarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing/Ewing-like sarcoma of soft tissue or bone, fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma or embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma/fusion-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma , or mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
• WHO Performance Status 0, 1 or 2. A maximum of 1/3 of patients in cohorts A & B may be WHO performance status 2
• At least one prior line of systemic therapy for the sarcoma diagnosis (neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic disease)
• All acute toxic effects of any prior treatment have resolved to NCI-CTCAE v 4.0 Grade 1 or less (except alopecia) at the time of signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF)
• Subject must be able to swallow and retain oral medication
• At least one site of measurable disease on x-ray/CT/MRI scan as defined by RECIST 1.1
• Adequate organ function within 14 days of registration
• Written, voluntary informed consent
• Fertile men and women of childbearing potential must agree to use an effective method of birth control from Day 1 of study and for 3 months after last study drug administration in both sexes, as assessed by the investigator. Women of childbearing potential include pre-menopausal women and women within the first 2 years of the onset of menopause. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test less than or equal to seven days prior to Day 1 of study. The definition of adequate contraception will be based on the judgement of the investigator.
• Evidence of progression of disease as defined by RECIST 1.1 (i.e. new disease sites or 20% growth of index lesions) within 6 months of registration
• Patients with central nervous system disease are eligible for enrollment if they have received prior radiotherapy or surgery to sites of CNS (central nervous system) metastatic disease and are without evidence of clinical progression for at least 12 weeks after therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with documentation of well differentiated liposarcoma only (of the well differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma family) are specifically excluded, owing to its characteristically slow growth. If high grade areas are suspected (dedifferentiation), but not proved by pathology analysis (e.g. after primary resection of a well-differentiated liposarcoma), a biopsy must be performed to demonstrate the high-grade dedifferentiated disease
• Prior systemic therapy with a small molecule oral kinase inhibitor, including but not limited to: pazopanib, sunitinib, sorafenib, everolimus, sirolimus, vemurafenib, dasatinib and trametinib
• Previous assignment to treatment during this study. Subjects permanently withdrawn from study participation will not be allowed to re-enter study. Patients who progress on placebo are specifically allowed to enroll on the treatment arm of the study if they meet all other entry criteria
• Concurrent, clinically significant, active malignancies within 12 months of study enrollment
• Patients with severe and/or uncontrolled concurrent medical disease that in the opinion of the investigator could cause unacceptable safety risks or compromise compliance with the protocol
• Major surgery within 28 days prior to study registration or those patients who have not recovered adequately from prior surgery
• Patients who have received wide field radiotherapy ≤ 28 days (defined as > 50% of volume of pelvis bones or equivalent) or limited field radiation for palliation < 14 days prior to study registration or those patients who have not recovered adequately from side effects of such therapy
• Patients who have received prior systemic therapy < 14 days prior to study registration or have not recovered adequately from toxicities to CTCAE v. 4.03 grade 1 or less; prior investigational therapy may not have been given < 5 half-lives of last dose of treatment, or < 14 days, whichever is greater
• Patients who have had prior autologous, or allogeneic bone marrow transplant
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic pressure >140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg [NCI-CTCAE v 4.0] on repeated measurement) despite optimal medical management
• Active or clinically significant cardiac disease including: Congestive heart failure-New York Heart Association (NYHA) > class II, Active coronary artery disease, Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers or digoxin, Unstable angina (anginal symptoms at rest), new onset angina within 3 months before randomization, or myocardial infarction within 6 months before randomization
• Evidence or history of bleeding diathesis
• Any hemorrhage or bleeding event ≥ NCI CTCAE Grade 3 within 4 weeks prior to study registration
• Subjects with thrombotic, embolic, venous, or arterial events, such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks) deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 6 months of start of study treatment
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or current chronic or active hepatitis B or C infection requiring treatment with antiviral therapy.
• Ongoing infection > Grade 2 NCI-CTCAE v 4.03
• Presence of a non-healing wound, non-healing ulcer, or benign bone fracture (patients with stress insufficiency fractures e.g. from osteoporosis or pathological fracture from tumor are eligible for study)
• Patients with seizure disorder requiring medication
• Proteinuria > 100 mg/dl on urine analysis
• Interstitial lung disease with ongoing signs and symptoms at the time of informed consent
• Pleural effusion or ascites that causes respiratory compromise (≥ NCI-CTCAE version 4.03 Grade 2 dyspnea)
• History of organ allograft (including corneal transplant).
• Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to regorafenib, or excipients of the formulations given during the course of this trial
• Any malabsorption condition.
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
• Any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for trial participation
• Substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that may interfere with the subject's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results
• Inability to comply with protocol required procedures
• Use of any herbal remedy (e.g. St. John wort [Hypericum perforatum])

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

7

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Cohort A: Liposarcoma; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Regorafenib	Drug: Regorafenib; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off
Placebo Comparator: Cohort A: Liposarcoma, Placebo; 21 days on and 7 days off Placebo	Drug: Placebo; 21 days on and 7 days off
Active Comparator: Cohort B: Osteosarcoma; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Regorafenib	Drug: Regorafenib; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off
Placebo Comparator: Cohort B: Osteosarcoma, placebo; 21 days on and 7 days off Placebo	Drug: Placebo; 21 days on and 7 days off
Active Comparator: Cohort C: Ewing sarcoma; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Regorafenib	Drug: Regorafenib; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off
Active Comparator: Cohort D: Rhabdomyosarcoma; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Regorafenib	Drug: Regorafenib; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off
Active Comparator: Cohort E: Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Regorafenib	Drug: Regorafenib; Adults: 160 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off Pediatrics: 82mg/m2 (rounding to the nearest 20mg) daily; 21 days on and 7 days off

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Progression-free Survival (PFS). Cohort A and Cohort B	The progression-free survival is the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse. Cohort A (liposarcoma) and Cohort B (osteosarcoma). PFS will be evaluated according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1, where a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions.	up to 3 years
Progression-free Survival (PFS). Cohort C, Cohort D, and Cohort E	The progression-free survival is the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse. Cohort C (Ewing/Ewing-like sarcoma). PFS will be evaluated according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1.	up to 16 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Number of Participants With Reported CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) Version 4.03 Adverse Events. All Cohorts.	Common Toxicity Criteria, also referred to as the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), is a standardized classification of side effects used in assessing drugs for cancer therapy. Cohorts A, B, C, and D.	up to 3 years
Overall Response Rate (ORR). All Cohorts.	The overall response rate (ORR) is the percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment. ORR will be evaluated according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1	up to 3 years
Progression-free Survival (PFS), Cohorts A and B, After Crossover.	The progression-free survival is the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse.	up to 3 years
Response Rate (RR), Cohorts A and B, After Crossover.	The response rate (RR) is the percentage of patients whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment.	up to 3 years
Time to Tumor Progression (TTP), Cohorts A and B, After Crossover.	Time to tumor progression (TTP) is the length of time from the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease until the disease starts to get worse or spread to other parts of the body.	up to 3 years
Overall Survival (OS). Cohorts A and B, After Crossover.	Overall survival (OS) is the length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer, that patients diagnosed with the disease are still alive.	up to 3 years
Disease Specific Survival (DSS). Cohorts A and B, After Crossover.	Disease-specific survival refers to the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have not died from a specific disease in a defined period of time.	up to 3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sarcoma Alliance for Research through Collaboration
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Robert Maki, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Riedel RF, Ballman KV, Lu Y, Attia S, Loggers ET, Ganjoo KN, Livingston MB, Chow W, Wright J, Ward JH, Rushing D, Okuno SH, Reed DR, Liebner DA, Keedy VL, Mascarenhas L, Davis LE, Ryan C, Reinke DK, Maki RG. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study of Regorafenib Versus Placebo in Advanced/Metastatic, Treatment-Refractory Liposarcoma: Results from the SARC024 Study. Oncologist. 2020 Nov;25(11):e1655-e1662. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0679. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Magagnoli F, Luppi S, Serra M. An update on emerging drugs in osteosarcoma: towards tailored therapies? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2019 Sep;24(3):153-171. doi: 10.1080/14728214.2019.1654455. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
• Davis LE, Bolejack V, Ryan CW, Ganjoo KN, Loggers ET, Chawla S, Agulnik M, Livingston MB, Reed D, Keedy V, Rushing D, Okuno S, Reinke DK, Riedel RF, Attia S, Mascarenhas L, Maki RG. Randomized Double-Blind Phase II Study of Regorafenib in Patients With Metastatic Osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jun 1;37(16):1424-1431. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.02374. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 10, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2014
• First Posted (Estimated): January 29, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 11, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Bone Tissue; Neoplasms, Connective Tissue; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue; Myosarcoma; Sarcoma; Osteosarcoma; Liposarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Chondrosarcoma; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal
• Other Study ID Numbers: SARC024

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No