BATS With in Combination With Low Dose IL-1 and GM-CSF for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Phase Ib/II Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer With Anti-CD3 x Anti-EGFR-Bispecific Antibody Armed Activated T-Cells (BATs) in Combination With Low Dose IL-2 and GM-CSF

This phase Ib/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells when given together with aldesleukin and sargramostim and to see how well they work in treating patients with pancreatic cancer that has spread from where it started to nearby tissue or lymph nodes (locally advanced) or other places in the body (metastatic). Bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells are the patient's own T cells that are coated with a bispecific antibody comprising 2 antibodies chemically joined together. These antibodies have specific targets and binding properties that may give the T cells a greater ability to seek out, attach to, and kill more cancer cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma; Stage III Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Biological: Sargramostim; Drug: Gemcitabine Hydrochloride; Drug: Fluorouracil; Drug: Oxaliplatin; Biological: Aldesleukin; Drug: Leucovorin Calcium; Drug: Irinotecan Hydrochloride; Biological: Antibody Therapy; Drug: Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Confirm in a single dose phase I (3 to 6 patients [pts]) that 8 infusions of 10^10 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) bispecific antibody armed activated T cells (BATs) given twice per week in combination with interleukin (IL)-2 (aldesleukin) (300,000 IU/m^2/day) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (sargramostim) (250 ug/m^2/twice weekly) beginning 3 days before the 1st infusion and ending on the day of the last infusion is safe.

II. Perform a phase II clinical trial to estimate the clinical efficacy of 8 infusions of 10^10 EGFR BATs in combination with IL-2 and GM-CSF in 39 evaluable pts (including the 3-6 pts in the single dose phase I).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine if infusions of EGFR BATs significantly increase cellular or humoral anti-pancreatic cancer (PC) responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at different time points after last EGFR BATs infusion and if those responses persist beyond 2 months (mos).

II. Obtain original tumor paraffin blocks prior to treatment and evaluate blocks for cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, CD8, programmed cell death (PD)1/programmed cell death ligand (PDL)1, monocytes subpopulations, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and cytoplasmic interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 by immunohistochemical staining to quantitate type and number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment to estimate whether the type and number correlate with clinical responses.

III. To determine the time to progression (TTP).

OUTLINE: This is a phase Ib, dose-escalation study of anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells followed by a phase II study.

Patients receive one of the following standard chemotherapy regimens at the discretion of the treating physician: gemcitabine hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes; gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation IV over 30-40 minutes; oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours, fluorouracil IV over 46 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours; or fluorouracil IV over 46 hours, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours, irinotecan hydrochloride IV, and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours. Approximately 2 weeks after standard chemotherapy completion, patients receive anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells IV over 5-30 minutes twice weekly for 4 weeks. Patients also receive aldesleukin subcutaneously (SC) and sargramostim SC on day -3 before the first anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells infusion and continuing twice weekly until the final infusion.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 18 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 2
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histological or cytological proof of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; must have locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who have received at least first line chemotherapy and may have responding, stable or progressive disease
• Expected survival >= 3 months
• Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) >= 70% or Southwestern Oncology Group (SWOG) performance status 0 or 1
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3
• Lymphocyte count >= 400/mm^3
• Platelet count >= 75,000/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL
• Serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dl, creatinine clearance >= 50 ml/mm (can be calculated or measured)
• Total bilirubin =< 2 mg/dl (biliary stent is allowed)
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) < 5.0 times normal
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 45% at rest (multigated acquisition scan [MUGA] or echocardiogram [Echo])
• Females of childbearing potential, and males, must be willing to use an effective method of contraception
• Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days of being registered for protocol therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any chemotherapy related toxicities from prior treatment (> grade 2 per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v]4.0)
• Known hypersensitivity to cetuximab or other EGFR antibody
• Treatment with any investigational agent within 14 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy
• Symptomatic brain metastasis
• Chronic treatment with systemic steroids or another immuno-suppressive agent
• Serious non-healing wound, ulcer, bone fracture, major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to being registered for protocol therapy
• Active liver disease such as cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatitis
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
• Active bleeding or a pathological condition that is associated with a high risk of bleeding (therapeutic anticoagulation is allowed)
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
• A serious uncontrolled medical disorder that in the opinion of the investigator may be jeopardized by the treatment with protocol therapy
• Females must not be breastfeeding
• Patient (Pt) may be excluded if, in the opinion of the principal investigator (PI) and investigator team, the pt is not capable of being compliant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR BATs); Patients receive one of the following standard chemotherapy regimens at the discretion of the treating physician: gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes; gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes and paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation IV over 30-40 minutes; oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours, fluorouracil IV over 46 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours; or fluorouracil IV over 46 hours, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours, irinotecan hydrochloride IV, and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours. Approximately 2 weeks after standard chemotherapy completion, patients receive anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells IV over 5-30 minutes twice weekly for 4 weeks. Patients also receive aldesleukin SC and sargramostim SC on day -3 before the first anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells infusion and continuing twice weekly until the final infusion.

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Biological: Sargramostim; Given SC; Other Names: 23-L-Leucinecolony-Stimulating Factor 2; DRG-0012; Leukine; Prokine; rhu GM-CFS; Sagramostim; Sargramostatin; Drug: Gemcitabine Hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: Gemzar; dFdCyd; Difluorodeoxycytidine Hydrochloride; LY-188011; Drug: Fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-Fluracil; Fluracil; 5-Fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-Fluorouracil; AccuSite; Fluoro Uracil; Fluouracil; Flurablastin; Fluracedyl; Fluril; Fluroblastin; Ribofluor; Ro 2-9757; Ro-2-9757; Adrucil; Efudex; Actino-Hermal; Arumel; Cytosafe; Efurix; Fiverocil; Fluoroplex; Flurox; Timazin; Drug: Oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; Diaminocyclohexane Oxalatoplatinum; Eloxatine; JM-83; Oxalatoplatin; Oxalatoplatinum; RP 54780; RP-54780; SR-96669; Biological: Aldesleukin; Given SC; Other Names: Proleukin; 125-L-Serine-2-133-interleukin 2; r-serHuIL-2; Recombinant Human IL-2; Recombinant Human Interleukin-2; Drug: Leucovorin Calcium; Given IV; Other Names: Wellcovorin; folinic acid; Adinepar; Calcifolin; Calcium (6S)-Folinate; Calcium Folinate; Calcium Leucovorin; Calfolex; Calinat; Cehafolin; Citofolin; Citrec; Citrovorum Factor; Cromatonbic Folinico; Dalisol; Disintox; Divical; Ecofol; Emovis; Factor, Citrovorum; Flynoken A; Folaren; Folaxin; FOLI-cell; Foliben; Folidan; Folidar; Folinac; Folinate Calcium; Folinic Acid Calcium Salt Pentahydrate; Folinoral; Folinvit; Foliplus; Folix; Imo; Lederfolat; Lederfolin; Leucosar; leucovorin; Rescufolin; Rescuvolin; Tonofolin; Drug: Irinotecan Hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: Campto; Camptosar; U-101440E; CPT-11; Camptothecin 11; Camptothecin-11; CPT 11; Biological: Antibody Therapy; Given anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR-bispecific antibody armed activated T-cells IV; Other Names: passive antibody therapy; Drug: Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation; Given IV; Other Names: ABI-007; Abraxane; Albumin-bound Paclitaxel; ABI 007; Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Paclitaxel; Nanoparticle Albumin-bound Paclitaxel; Nanoparticle Paclitaxel; nab-paclitaxel; protein-bound paclitaxel

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Median Overall Survival (OS)	Descriptive statistics (point and exact 90% confidence interval estimates from the resultant Kaplan-Meier curve) will be generated for OS. The median OS will be estimated on an intention-to-treat basis (using all registered patients), and on a response-evaluable basis (using all patients who completed all BAT infusions) using the Kaplan-Meier method.	Up to 18 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
TTP	To explore whether immune responses associate with clinical responses, the association between the baseline of each biomarker and clinical endpoints (such as response, or OS) will be analyzed using logistic regression for binary endpoints and Cox regression for time to event endpoints.	Up to 18 months
Biomarker Analysis (Including CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1, PDL1, Monocytes, MDSC, IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TILs) Assessed Using Immunohistochemistry	Each biomarker and computed biomarker will be evaluated for normality and transformed (including non-parametric) if necessary to achieve normality. Summary statistics (including means, medians, and standard deviations) will be produced for each variable and subsequently associate each variable with OS using Cox regression. In addition, a threshold for each variable associating with OS will be defined using classification and regression trees. The tumor will be stained for inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, T cells with undergo cytoplasmic staining for IFN and IL-10 and the level and ratio of these markers will be evaluated.	Up to 18 months
Incidence of Toxicity (CTCAE Version 4.0)	Toxicity rates will be estimated using all treated patients.	Up to 18 months
Progression Free Survival (PFS)	Descriptive statistics (point and exact 90% confidence interval estimates from the resultant Kaplan-Meier curve) will be generated for PFS. The median PFS will be estimated on an intention-to-treat basis (using all registered patients), and on a response-evaluable basis (using all patients who completed all BAT infusions) using the Kaplan-Meier method.	Up to 18 months
Quantitative Immune Response	For the quantitative immune response variables, summary statistics (including means, medians, and standard deviations) will be produced pre- and post-BATs treatment. Subsequent analyses will compare the immune response variables (after a suitable transformation, if necessary) pre- and post-treatment using a paired t-test (or Wilcoxon sign ranked test if the data are not approximately normally distributed). To explore whether immune responses associate with clinical responses, the association between the baseline of each biomarker and clinical endpoints (such as response, or OS) will be analyze	Up to 18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Anthony Shields, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lum LG, Thakur A, Choi M, Deol A, Kondadasula V, Schalk D, Fields K, Dufrense M, Philip P, Dyson G, Aon HD, Shields AF. Clinical and immune responses to anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody armed activated T cells (EGFR BATs) in pancreatic cancer patients. Oncoimmunology. 2020 Jun 10;9(1):1773201. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2020.1773201.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 21, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): June 21, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 1, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 1, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): December 3, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 15, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 19, 2023
• Last Verified: April 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Endocrine System Diseases; Digestive System Neoplasms; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Protective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; Antidotes; Vitamin B Complex; Hematinics; Gemcitabine; Aldesleukin; Paclitaxel; Antibodies; Fluorouracil; Oxaliplatin; Immunoglobulins; Leucovorin; Irinotecan; Calcium; Levoleucovorin; Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel; Folic Acid; Calcium, Dietary; Sargramostim; Interleukin-2; Camptothecin
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2015-100 (Other Identifier: Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute); P30CA022453 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2015-01942 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))