Efficacy of AFL-assisted PDT in Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

January 27, 2016 updated by: Song Ki-Hoon, Dong-A University

A Randomised Trial Comparing Methyl Aminolaevulinate Photodynamic Therapy With and Without Ablative Fractional Laser Treatment in Patients With Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results From a 24-month Follow-up

Surgical excision is the standard treatment for cutaneous SCC. However, many patients diagnosed with SCC are elderly and ineligible for surgery. Ablative fractional laser- assisted photodynamic therapy (AFL-PDT) offered a higher efficacy than conventional Methylaminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions are potentially metastatic and can be life threatening. Hence, surgical excision is the standard treatment for cutaneous SCC. However, some patients are ineligible for surgery because of their poor general health, concomitant anticoagulant or immunosuppressive therapies, or allergy to local anesthetics.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylaminolevulinate (MAL) is an innovative treatment modality that has been approved in Europe for the treatment of actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease. However, currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of topical PDT for SCC.

Ablative fractional laser (AFL) ablates the epidermis and dermis without significant thermal injury, creating microscopic ablation zones in the portion of the skin that the laser is applied to. Our previous studies showed that AFL-primed MAL-PDT (AFL-PDT) offered a higher efficacy than conventional MAL-PDT in the treatment of many other diseases, such as actinic keratosis, actinic cheilitis, and Bowen's disease.

Investigators recruited Korean patients with microinvasive SCC and compared the efficacy, recurrence rate, and cosmetic outcomes of AFL-PDT with those of standard MAL-PDT.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

45

Phase

  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Korea, Republic of
    • Dong dae sin-dong, Seo-gu
      • Busan, Dong dae sin-dong, Seo-gu, Korea, Republic of, 602-715
        • Dong-A University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

63 years to 87 years (Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged 18 years or more who had previously untreated microinvasive SCC, providing they satisfied both of the following conditions:

    • tumor invasion into the papillary dermis (Clark level II) according to a biopsy specimen and
    • difficulty in surgical excision because of health problems (bleeding tendency or cardiac problems)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • pregnancy or lactation
  • active systemic infectious disease
  • other inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic skin diseases in the treated area
  • allergy to MAL,other topical photosensitizers, or excipients of the cream
  • history of photosensitivity
  • use of immunosuppressive or photosensitizing drugs
  • participation in any other investigational study in the preceding 30 days
  • history or indicators of poor compliance
  • Histological findings of acantholysis, desmoplasia, perineural or lymphovascular invasion, and echographic features of regional lymph node metastasis were the disease-specific exclusion criteria

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: AFL-PDT
Forty-five Korean patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either AFL-PDT or MAL-PDT in a 1:1 ratio. As result, the patients were randomized to treatment with AFL-PDT (21 patients) or MAL-PDT (24 patients)
Drug: lidocaine-prilocaine 5% cream application
The lesions were then cleansed with saline gauze, and a lidocaine-prilocaine 5% cream (EMLA®; Astra Pharmaceuticals, LP, Westborough, MA, USA) was applied to the treatment area for 30 min under occlusion
Device: 2940-nm Er:YAG AFL pretreatment
After the anesthetic cream was removed, AFL was performed using a 2940-nm Er:YAG AFL (Joule; Sciton, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) with a 500 µm ablation depth, level 1 coagulation, 22% treatment density, and a single pulse
Drug: methyl-aminolevulinate application
Immediately after the AFL, a 1-mm thick layer of methyl-aminolevulinate (16% Metvix® cream; PhotoCure ASA, Oslo, Norway) was applied to the lesion and to 5 mm of the surrounding healthy tissue. The area was covered with an occlusive dressing (Tegaderm; 3M, Co., Saint Paul, MN, USA) for 3 h, after which the remaining cream was removed with saline gauze, and the red fluorescence of porphyrins was visualized with Wood's light.
Device: Illuminating using red light-emitting diode lamps
Each treatment area was then separately illuminated using red light-emitting diode lamps (Aktilite CL128; Galderma S.A., Bruchsal, Germany) with peak emission at 632 nm and a total light dose of 37 J/cm2. Areas scheduled to receive MAL-PDT received the second treatment 7 days later. During the illumination, patients were asked to evaluate pain intensity using an 11-point visual analog scale.
Active Comparator: MAL-PDT
Forty-five Korean patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either AFL-PDT or MAL-PDT in a 1:1 ratio. As result, the patients were randomized to treatment with AFL-PDT (21 patients) or MAL-PDT (24 patients)
Drug: methyl-aminolevulinate application
Immediately after the AFL, a 1-mm thick layer of methyl-aminolevulinate (16% Metvix® cream; PhotoCure ASA, Oslo, Norway) was applied to the lesion and to 5 mm of the surrounding healthy tissue. The area was covered with an occlusive dressing (Tegaderm; 3M, Co., Saint Paul, MN, USA) for 3 h, after which the remaining cream was removed with saline gauze, and the red fluorescence of porphyrins was visualized with Wood's light.
Device: Illuminating using red light-emitting diode lamps
Each treatment area was then separately illuminated using red light-emitting diode lamps (Aktilite CL128; Galderma S.A., Bruchsal, Germany) with peak emission at 632 nm and a total light dose of 37 J/cm2. Areas scheduled to receive MAL-PDT received the second treatment 7 days later. During the illumination, patients were asked to evaluate pain intensity using an 11-point visual analog scale.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Difference of short-term complete response (CR) rate between AFL-PDT and MAL-PDT
Time Frame: Short-term CR rate was evaluated at 3 months
The response was classified as either complete response (complete disappearance of the lesion) or incomplete response (incomplete disappearance of the lesion)
Short-term CR rate was evaluated at 3 months
Difference of long-term complete response (CR) rate between AFL-PDT and MAL-PDT
Time Frame: Long-term CR rate was evaluated at 24 months
The response was classified as either complete response (complete disappearance of the lesion) or incomplete response (incomplete disappearance of the lesion)
Long-term CR rate was evaluated at 24 months
Difference of recurrence rate at 24 months
Time Frame: Recurrent rate was evaluated at 24months
In all cases of complete response, the patients were reviewed at 24 months to check for recurrence. Post-therapy punch biopsies were performed when there was doubt concerning incomplete-response and clinical recurrence
Recurrent rate was evaluated at 24months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Difference of the cosmetic outcome between AFL-PDT and MAL-PDT
Time Frame: Cosmetic outcome was assessed by each investigator for all lesions that achieved a complete response at 24 months
The overall cosmetic outcome was assessed by each investigator for all lesions that achieved complete response at 24 months, and was graded using a 4-point scale: excellent (only slight occurrence of redness or change in pigmentation), good (moderate redness or change in pigmentation), fair (slight to moderate scarring, atrophy, or induration), or poor (extensive scarring, atrophy, or induration)
Cosmetic outcome was assessed by each investigator for all lesions that achieved a complete response at 24 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Differences of Adverse events(erythema, burning sensation, swelling, bleeding) between AFL-PDT and MAL-PDT
Time Frame: Within 24 months after each treatment
Adverse events reported by the patients were noted at each follow-up visit, including severity, duration, and need for additional therapy. All events due to PDT were described as phototoxic reactions(e.g erythema, burning sensation, swelling, bleeding)
Within 24 months after each treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Dong-A University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

January 1, 2012

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 21, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 27, 2016

First Posted (Estimate)

January 28, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

January 28, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 27, 2016

Last Verified

January 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • DAUderma-05

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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