The Effect of Biofreeze on Post Manipulation Soreness in Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain

Background: Neck pain effects a significant number of individuals and is commonly treated with chiropractic cervical manipulation. The temporary increases in neck pain following cervical manipulation may contribute to a lack of compliance with prescribed therapy that following this therapy which in turn commonly contributes to protracted symptoms. Topical menthol has previously been shown to decrease pain shortly following application. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with mechanical neck pain who received topical menthol gel applied to their neck prior to cervical manipulation would have less pain and increased neck range of motion following cervical manipulation than patients who did not receive menthol.

Methods: Patients, mean ages 35 years old, with non-radicular mechanical neck pain were randomly assigned to a control (n=31) or a treatment (n=29) group. Five minutes before cervical manipulation, controls received a placebo gel applied to their neck while the treatment group received a menthol containing gel (Biofreeze®) applied to their neck. Participants rated their neck pain on a 10-point scale prior to gel application (Pre) and at one minute (T1), 10 minutes (T2), 20 minutes (T3), and 30 minutes (T4) post cervical manipulation. Six measures of neck range of motion were assessed prior to topical applications of gel and at T1 and T4. ANCOVA repeated measures were performed to compare pain ratings and neck range of motion following manipulation while controlling for Pre measures.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Neck Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebos; Drug: BioFreeze

Detailed Description

Background: Neck pain effects a significant number of individuals and is commonly treated with chiropractic cervical manipulation. The temporary increases in neck pain following cervical manipulation may contribute to a lack of compliance with prescribed therapy that following this therapy which in turn commonly contributes to protracted symptoms. Topical menthol has previously been shown to decrease pain shortly following application. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with mechanical neck pain who received topical menthol gel applied to their neck prior to cervical manipulation would have less pain and increased neck range of motion following cervical manipulation than patients who did not receive menthol.

Methods: Patients, mean ages 35 years old, with non-radicular mechanical neck pain were randomly assigned to a control (n=31) or a treatment (n=29) group. Five minutes before cervical manipulation, controls received a placebo gel applied to their neck while the treatment group received a menthol containing gel (Biofreeze®) applied to their neck. Participants rated their neck pain on a 10-point scale prior to gel application (Pre) and at one minute (T1), 10 minutes (T2), 20 minutes (T3), and 30 minutes (T4) post cervical manipulation. Six measures of neck range of motion were assessed prior to topical applications of gel and at T1 and T4. ANCOVA repeated measures were performed to compare pain ratings and neck range of motion following manipulation while controlling for Pre measures.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals were included in the study if they were between the ages of 18-65 years old, presented to their with initial clinic visit with non-radicular mechanical neck pain greater than 3 on a 1-10 pain scale, and were prescribed by the clinical staff to receive a cervical manipulation

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients not receiving a cervical manipulation
2. Patients with radicular signs and/or symptoms
3. Patients who did not consent to be in the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Control; Five minutes before cervical manipulation, controls received a placebo gel applied to their neck.	Drug: Placebos; control gel with a similar packaging, texture, and scent as Brand X but without the active ingredient of menthol
Experimental: Treatment; Five minutes before cervical manipulation the treatment group received a menthol containing gel (Biofreeze®) applied to their neck.	Drug: BioFreeze; The estimated surface area of the average adult's neck is 350cm and the standard dose of Biofreeze® to achieve a clinically significant effect has been sited to be 1ml/200cm2 of skin surface area. Using this data approximately 1.75 ml of the assigned gel was applied to each participant's neck (posterior, anterior, left lateral and right lateral) by the same member of the research team, 5 minutes prior to an independent practitioner performing cervical manipulation on the participant.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Pain over 5 time points	Participants rated their neck pain on a 10-point scale	Prior to gel application (Pre) and at one minute (T1), 10 minutes (T2), 20 minutes (T3), and 30 minutes (T4) post cervical manipulation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
neck range of motion	Six measures of neck range of motion were assessed in the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes using the Acumar DataCapture hand-held dual inclinometer. This device has demonstrated a high degree of reliability (.87 - .92) without requiring calibration 21. These assessments included the neck motions of flexion, extension, right side bending, left side bending, left rotation and right rotation.	Prior to gel application (Pre) and at one minute (T1), and 30 minutes (T4) post cervical manipulation

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Marquette University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2017
• First Posted (Estimate): January 6, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 6, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2017
• Last Verified: January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Neck Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: HR-2355

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Through publication and/or requests to the PI