Effectiveness of Recovery Protocols Combination in Soccer Players

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Combination of Different Post-effort Recovery Methods on Quality and Recovery Time in Semi-professional Soccer Players

The main objective of this project is to compare the effectiveness of combining different recovery methods on perceptual and physical performance on soccer players.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: Fatigue; Physical Stress; Soccer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Foam Roller (FR); Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Other: Stretching (STR)

Detailed Description

A crossover study will be performed and players will be assigned to different recovery methods combinations after their participation in a football game. The investigators will take baseline measures before the game and post-competition measures 24 hours after the game (one hour before the recovery intervention). Moreover, another two measure moments will be used, 24 and 48 hours after the recovery intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Vic, Spain, 08500
    • Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• semi-professional soccer players
• 75 minutes game participation (minimum)
• 5 years of experience practicing soccer

Exclusion Criteria:

• goalkeepers
• injured players

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Protocol I: Foam Roller (FR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Foam Roller (FR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).
Experimental: Protocol II: Stretching (STR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Stretching (STR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).; Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.
Experimental: Protocol III: Foam Roller (FR) + Stretching (STR); Foam Roller (FR) Stretching (STR)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.
Experimental: Protocol IV: Foam Roller (FR) + Stretching (STR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Foam Roller (FR) Stretching (STR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).; Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Neuromuscular or physical performance measures change: jump height	Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) will be performed to determine the maximum height in centimeters (cm). From standing position with the hands fixed on the hips, participants will be required to bend their knees to a freely chosen angle and perform a maximal vertical jump. Participants will be instructed to keep their body vertical throughout the jump, and to land with knees fully extended. Any jump that will be perceived to deviate from the required instructions will be repeated. Players will jump 3 times as high as possible and the best attempt will be used in subsequent analysis. A 15-s passive recovery phase will be provided between jumps.	Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention
Neuromuscular or physical performance measures change: jump flight and contact time	Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) will be performed to determine the jump flight and contact time in milliseconds (ms). From standing position with the hands fixed on the hips, participants will be required to bend their knees to a freely chosen angle and perform a maximal vertical jump. Participants will be instructed to keep their body vertical throughout the jump, and to land with knees fully extended. Any jump that will be perceived to deviate from the required instructions will be repeated. Players will jump 3 times as high as possible and the best attempt will be used in subsequent analysis. A 15-s passive recovery phase will be provided between jumps.	Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective perceptual/well-being questionnaire measures change	The well-being questionnaire (McLean et al. 2010) will assess participants' fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels and mood on a five-point scale (scores of 1[worst outcome] to 5 [best outcome], 0.5 point increments). Overall well-being will then be determined by summing the five scores.	Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention
Total Quality Recovery perceived (TQRper) scale. Subjective perceptual questionnaire measures change	Players will be asked to rate their recovery using the subjective questionnaire Total Quality Recovery perceived (TQRper) scale (Kenttä & Hassmén, 1998) answering the question "how recovered you feel?" on a scale which ranges from 0 (very poorly recovered) to 10 (very well recovered) and it's used as a subjective measurement to assess the fatigue suffered by the players (Laurent et al., 2011).	Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Subjective perceptual questionnaire measures change	Players will be asked to rate their rate of perceived exertion using Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Borg's scale answering the question "how exhausted do you feel?" on a scale which ranges from 0 (extremely well-rested) to 10 (extremely exhausted) (Casamichana et al., 2013).	Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Albert Altarriba-Bartes, UVic-UCC

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Laurent CM, Green JM, Bishop PA, Sjokvist J, Schumacker RE, Richardson MT, Curtner-Smith M. A practical approach to monitoring recovery: development of a perceived recovery status scale. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Mar;25(3):620-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c69ec6.
• McLean BD, Coutts AJ, Kelly V, McGuigan MR, Cormack SJ. Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):367-83. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.5.3.367.
• Kentta G, Hassmen P. Overtraining and recovery. A conceptual model. Sports Med. 1998 Jul;26(1):1-16. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199826010-00001.
• Casamichana D, Castellano J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, San Roman J, Castagna C. Relationship between indicators of training load in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Feb;27(2):369-74. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182548af1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 18, 2021
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): September 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Anticipated): October 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 8, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 8, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): April 12, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 20, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 18, 2021
• Last Verified: April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Recovery; Soccer; Fatigue; Performance
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Fatigue
• Other Study ID Numbers: RCTREC002

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No