Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety of the Patients Undergoing Prostate Biopsy

The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety Levels of The Patients Undergoing Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The study included 120 male patients who would undergo a prostate biopsy. Patients were divided into 3 groups as placebo group (n = 40), Levander group (N = 40), and Frankincense group (n = 40). Aromatherapy agents were added to the nebulizer at a rate of 2%. Only saline solution was applied to the placebo group. The nebulizer was prepared and operated in the room where the prostate biopsy would be performed before the procedure. Patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated during the procedure. The level of anxiety was evaluated by the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I). After the procedure, the patient was rested and were again filled out the STAI-1 form. After that, the data of all the patients involved in the study was compared.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anxiety; Prostate Cancer; Aromatherapy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Aromatherapy

Detailed Description

The study was conducted at Mersin University Medical Faculty Hospital Urology Department and Mersin City Training and Research Hospital Urology Department. The study was designed as a placebo-controlled prospective double-blind study. Approval was obtained from the Mersin University Ethics Committee for the study (13.05.2020, 375). All patients who participated were informed about the study and received written consent. The study included 120 male patients who would undergo a prostate biopsy. Exclusion criteria were identified as; patients with pain prior to the procedure (VAS value is non-zero), any respiratory disease (lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.), patients using painkillers in the last 3 hours, patients who were disturbed by the smell of used essential oils and patients with a known allergy to used essential oils with a history of contact dermatitis against cosmetic odor. Patients with these characteristics were not included in the study. During transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, periprostatic local anesthesia was routinely administered to all patients and is routinely performed in all prostate biopsies performed in the clinic. Patients have filled out STAI-2 (trait index) forms before the procedure. The STAI clearly distinguishes between the temporary situation of state anxiety and the more general and long-term quality of trait anxiety. The STAI index has 2 subheadings, STAI-1 (state index) and STAI-2 (trait index), with 40 questions. The scores of each subscale could range from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 80. A score of 20-31 reflected mild anxiety, 32-42 below moderate anxiety, 43-53 above moderate anxiety, 54-64 relatively severe anxiety, and 65-75 severe anxiety. Patients were grouped and randomized according to the STAI-2 (trait index) scores.

Patients were divided into 3 groups placebo group (n = 40), Levander group (N = 40), and Frankincense group (n = 40). Aromatherapy agents were added to the nebulizer at a rate of 2%. Only saline solution was applied to the placebo group. The nebulizer was prepared and operated in the room where the prostate biopsy would be performed before the procedure. Patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated during the procedure. The level of anxiety was evaluated by the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I). The STAI-1 form was used to determine the transitory emotional state and anxiety level of the participants before and after the procedure. The interrogation procedures were carried out by an assistant doctor who had no knowledge about the study. After the procedure, the patient was rested and again filled out the STAI-1 form. After that, the data of all the patients involved in the study was compared.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 120
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Mezitli
    • Mersin, Mezitli, Turkey, 33240
      • Barış Saylam

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing prostate biopsy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with pain prior to the procedure (VAS value is non-zero),
• Patients with respiratory disease (lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.),
• Patients using painkillers in the last 3 hours,
• Patients who were disturbed by the smell of used essential oils
• Patients with a known allergy to used essential oils with a history of contact dermatitis against cosmetic odor.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Saline group; Only saline solution was applied to the placebo group. The nebulizer was prepared and operated in the room where the prostate biopsy would be performed before the procedure. Patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated on during the procedure	Other: Aromatherapy; Aromatherapy is a TAT (Tapas Acupressure technique) method in which essential oils created from fragrant parts of plants are absorbed from the body and show their effects. The therapeutic, disease-relieving or preventive properties of essential oils are utilized
Active Comparator: Levander group; Levander oil was added to the nebulizer at a rate of 2%. The nebulizer was prepared and operated in the room where the prostate biopsy would be performed before the procedure. Patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated during the procedure.	Other: Aromatherapy; Aromatherapy is a TAT (Tapas Acupressure technique) method in which essential oils created from fragrant parts of plants are absorbed from the body and show their effects. The therapeutic, disease-relieving or preventive properties of essential oils are utilized
Active Comparator: Frankincense group; Frankincense oil was added to the nebulizer at a rate of 2%. Only saline solution was applied to the placebo group. The nebulizer was prepared and operated in the room where the prostate biopsy would be performed before the procedure. Patients were taken to the room 5 minutes before the procedure and the nebulizer was operated during the procedure.	Other: Aromatherapy; Aromatherapy is a TAT (Tapas Acupressure technique) method in which essential oils created from fragrant parts of plants are absorbed from the body and show their effects. The therapeutic, disease-relieving or preventive properties of essential oils are utilized

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The STAI index	The STAI-1 form was used to determine the transitory emotional state and anxiety level of the participants before and after the procedure. The STAI index has 2 subheadings, STAI-1 (state index) and STAI-2 (trait index), with a total of 40 questions. The scores of each subscale could range from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 80. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. A score of 20-31 reflected mild anxiety, 32-42 below moderate anxiety, 43-53 above moderate anxiety, 54-64 relatively severe anxiety, and 65-75 severe anxiety distinguishes between the temporary situation of state anxiety and the more general and long-term quality of trait anxiety.	Immediately after the procedure.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mersin Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 31, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 4, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): November 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 4, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: 375/2020

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No