TMS Enhancement of Visual Plasticity in Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age: 18-65,
2. no neurological illness, head trauma, or major medical illness,
3. not pregnant or nursing,
4. no contraindication for TMS or MRI scanning,
5. no current substance abuse/dependence.

Healthy controls will have no DSM-5 diagnosis and no first-degree relatives with a psychotic disorder.

Inclusion criteria for patients includes:

1. DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophreniform, schizophrenia or schizoaffective and competent to sign an informed consent,
2. not currently taking other medications that affects brain structure (e.g. steroids),
3. less than 12 months antipsychotic exposure and on the same psychotropic medications for 4 weeks prior to study,
4. not be taking clozapine (due to its effects on NMDA receptors and increase of seizure threshold),
5. clinically stable (i.e. no change in psychotic symptoms for at least 4 weeks).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. age outside of 18-65,
2. neurological illness, head trauma, or major medical illness,
3. pregnant or nursing,
4. contraindication for TMS or MRI scanning,
5. current substance abuse/dependence,
6. currently taking medications that affects brain structure (e.g. steroids).

Healthy controls with a DSM-5 diagnosis and/or a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder. Participants with schizophrenia that are not competent to sign an informed consent, have more than 12 months antipsychotic exposure, not on the same psychotropic medications for 4 weeks prior to study, taking clozapine, and not clinically stable (i.e.a change in psychotic symptoms for at least 4 weeks).