Supplementation of a Leucine-Enriched Dairy Protein Blend
Supplementation of a Leucine-Enriched Dairy Protein Blend: Effects on Plasma Amino Acids in Older Adults
研究概览
详细说明
Experimental approach:
8 participants will be included in this study. Each participant will consume the supplement only once in a randomized fashion during three separate visits and there will be approximately 1 week between each visit.
Standardized meal:
Participants will be provided a standardized diet one day prior to experimentation. When performing research involving human metabolism it is important that the participants be tested in a weight-stable state. Therefore, the investigators will estimate the participants resting energy expenditure using a widely reference prediction formula, known as the Harris-Benedict equation. This formula takes into account gender, body mass, height, age, and self-reported activity level. Once resting energy expenditure is calculated the investigators will provide each participant with a pre-packaged standardized diet for the day prior to the experiment that is designed to ensure a sufficient energy balance.
Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans:
DXA scans will be used to determine the participants body composition. The DXA procedures use a small amount of radiation to determine how much fat, bone, and lean mass the participants have in their body. The procedure takes approximately seven minutes and involves the participants lying still on an open bed while the sensor passes over the participants body.
Arterialized blood sampling:
All blood sampling will be achieved through an intravenous indwelling cannula. This method provides the least trauma to the participant when repeated blood sampling is required and is convenient for the investigators. In theory, repeated needle sticks may stress the participant thereby increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, thus causing changes in metabolism. Additionally, another potential drawback from venous blood sampling is the influence by regional tissue specific metabolism, thereby making it difficult to interpret whole-body metabolism on the basis of metabolites measured in venous blood. Therefore, arterial blood sampling is deemed the ideal method for metabolic studies. Arterial cannulation, however, may be unethical for research purposes due to increased risk of complications, such as damage to the arterial wall, thrombosis, and clot formation, all of which may cause death. Arterializing the blood being sampled can be achieved through heating either the superficial antecubital vein or dorsal hand vein with a heating blanket or specialized heat box. By doing so, blood flow increases as a result of vasodilatation of vessels in the arms skeletal musculature, as well as arteriovenous anastomoses in skin. Due to the increased blood flow and negligible muscle mass at the hand and elbow, results in venous blood being similar in composition to an arterial sample. This method is a widely used surrogate for safe direct arterial blood sampling. Once arterialized blood samples are obtained they will be preserved and used in analyses. The investigators will utilize heating blankets (Theratherm Large Digital Moist Heat Pad [14" x 27"]) to arterialize the blood samples and an infrared thermometer (Nubee, NUB8380) to determine the skin temperature (45-68∘C) prior to drawing the participant's blood.
Per-protocol conditions will include:
Consumption of a standardized meal the evening prior to each trial and consistent exercise/activity 2d before each trial There will be ~1wk between trials (washout periods) Blood samples will be analyzed for plasma amino acids, glucose, and insulin.
Experimental Interventions (randomized order):
- Participants will consume a Low Protein Containing Breakfast (10% of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine) and 2 hours later the participants will consume 17g of a leucine enriched whey protein- hydrolyzed whey protein-micellar casein blend (50:43:7 whey:hydrolyzed-whey:casein) containing 600 IU Vitamin D and 3.5g leucine
- Participants will consume a High Protein Containing Breakfast (25% of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine)
- Participants will consume a Low Protein Containing Breakfast (10% of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine)
Proteins were provided by Covance Laboratories, Inc. owned by Eurofins.
The whey protein and micellar casein are milk proteins derived from cow's milk. The participants will consume the 17g of protein contained in a semi-solid bar equal to ∼40g, which is the size of a typical sports recovery bar.
Sample size and data analyses:
The sample size was determined by a statistical power analysis (G*Power 3.1 software, version 3.1.9, 2014) that revealed a large effect size. This study was powered on the basis of previous studies. Thus, a total of 8 (n = 8/group) participants will be used in analyses. See Below:
Analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size ANOVA: Repeated measures, within-between interaction Input Effect size f = 0.5 α err prob = 0.05 Power (1-β err prob) = 0.95 Number of groups = 3 Number of measurements = 14 Corr. Among rep. measures = 0.5 Nonsphericity correction ε = 1 Output Noncentrality parameter ƛ = 63 Critical F = 1.6380186 Numerator df = 26 Denominator df = 78 Total sample = 9 Actual power = 0.997
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Ontario
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Hamilton、Ontario、加拿大、L8S 4K1
- Exercise Metabolism Research Laboratory, McMaster Univeristy
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
取样方法
研究人群
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- 8 participants will be included in this study. Each participant will consume the supplement only once in a randomized fashion during one of three separate visits and there will be approximately 1 week between each visit. In order to participate in this study, each participant must be male or female, 65 years or older (inclusive) and cannot be a smoker or user of tobacco products.
Exclusion Criteria:
The exclusion requirements for this study include the following conditions:
- Take any analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs(s), prescription or non-prescription, chronically will be excluded. However, a washout period of 4 weeks will be suitable for participation.
- A history of neuromuscular problems or muscle and/or bone wasting diseases
- Any acute or chronic illness, cardiac, pulmonary, liver, or kidney abnormalities, uncontrolled hypertension, insulin- or non-insulin dependent diabetes or other metabolic disorders-all ascertained through medical history screening questionnaires
- Use medications known to affect protein metabolism (i.e. corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or prescription strength acne medications)
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
队列和干预
团体/队列 |
干预/治疗 |
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Supplementation with Enriched Protein®
Participants will consume a low protein containing breakfast and 2 hours later will consume the enriched protein supplement
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This product contains high quality bovine milk proteins enriched with additional leucine.
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Low protein breakfast
No supplementation
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High protein breakfast
No supplementation
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Easy-fast amino acid sample testing kit for gas chromatography mass spectrometry
大体时间:375 minutes
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plasma amino acid concentrations
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375 minutes
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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Hexokinase/G-6-PDH methodology
大体时间:375 minutes
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plasma glucose concentrations
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375 minutes
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Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay
大体时间:375 minutes
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plasma insulin concentrations
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375 minutes
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception desire to eat
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = lowest score and 100mm = highest score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for hunger
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = lowest score and 100mm = highest score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for fullness
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = lowest score and 100mm = highest score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for thirst
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = lowest score and 100mm = highest score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for how much food could be eaten
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = lowest score and 100mm = highest score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for liking or disliking of food
大体时间:Average score across 13 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 13 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for visual appeal
大体时间:Average score across 2 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 2 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for smell
大体时间:Average score across 2 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 2 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for taste
大体时间:Average score across 2 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 2 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for aftertaste
大体时间:Average score across 2 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 2 measurements
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Visual Analog Scale Questionnaires for food sensory perception for pleasantness
大体时间:Average score across 2 measurements
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Units on a 100mm Paper Scale, 0mm = worst score and 100mm = best score
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Average score across 2 measurements
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Height in meters
大体时间:One measurement at baseline
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Stadiometer
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One measurement at baseline
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Weight in kilograms
大体时间:One measurement at baseline
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Physician scale
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One measurement at baseline
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合作者和调查者
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Di Donato DM, Hector AJ, Mitchell CJ, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Breuille D, Offord EA, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb;99(2):276-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068775. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
- Koopman R, Crombach N, Gijsen AP, Walrand S, Fauquant J, Kies AK, Lemosquet S, Saris WH, Boirie Y, van Loon LJ. Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate is accompanied by an accelerated in vivo digestion and absorption rate when compared with its intact protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul;90(1):106-15. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27474. Epub 2009 May 27.
- Koopman R, Walrand S, Beelen M, Gijsen AP, Kies AK, Boirie Y, Saris WH, van Loon LJ. Dietary protein digestion and absorption rates and the subsequent postprandial muscle protein synthetic response do not differ between young and elderly men. J Nutr. 2009 Sep;139(9):1707-13. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.109173. Epub 2009 Jul 22.
- Moore DR, Robinson MJ, Fry JL, Tang JE, Glover EI, Wilkinson SB, Prior T, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):161-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26401. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
- Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Aarsland A, Wolfe RR. A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;291(2):E381-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
- Luiking YC, Abrahamse E, Ludwig T, Boirie Y, Verlaan S. Protein type and caloric density of protein supplements modulate postprandial amino acid profile through changes in gastrointestinal behaviour: A randomized trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;35(1):48-58. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
- Tipton KD, Elliott TA, Cree MG, Wolf SE, Sanford AP, Wolfe RR. Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Dec;36(12):2073-81. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000147582.99810.c5.
- Boirie Y, Dangin M, Gachon P, Vasson MP, Maubois JL, Beaufrere B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14930-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14930.
- Douglas CC, Lawrence JC, Bush NC, Oster RA, Gower BA, Darnell BE. Ability of the Harris Benedict formula to predict energy requirements differs with weight history and ethnicity. Nutr Res. 2007 Apr;27(4):194-199. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.01.016.
- Churchward-Venne TA, Burd NA, Mitchell CJ, West DW, Philp A, Marcotte GR, Baker SK, Baar K, Phillips SM. Supplementation of a suboptimal protein dose with leucine or essential amino acids: effects on myofibrillar protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in men. J Physiol. 2012 Jun 1;590(11):2751-65. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228833. Epub 2012 Mar 25.
- Copeland KC, Kenney FA, Nair KS. Heated dorsal hand vein sampling for metabolic studies: a reappraisal. Am J Physiol. 1992 Nov;263(5):E1010-4. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.5.E1010.
- Green JH, Ellis FR, Shallcross TM, Bramley PN. Invalidity of hand heating as a method to arterialize venous blood. Clin Chem. 1990 May;36(5):719-22.
- Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM. Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep;107(3):987-92. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009. Epub 2009 Jul 9.
- Burd NA, West DW, Staples AW, Atherton PJ, Baker JM, Moore DR, Holwerda AM, Parise G, Rennie MJ, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Low-load high volume resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis more than high-load low volume resistance exercise in young men. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 9;5(8):e12033. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012033.
- Traylor DA, Kamal M, Nunes EA, Prior T, Gorissen SHM, Lees M, Gesel F, Lim C, Phillips SM. Consumption of High-Leucine-Containing Protein Bar Following Breakfast Impacts Aminoacidemia and Subjective Appetite in Older Persons. Curr Dev Nutr. 2021 May 8;5(6):nzab080. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzab080. eCollection 2021 Jun.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (预期的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
其他研究编号
- 2502
计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)
计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)?
药物和器械信息、研究文件
研究美国 FDA 监管的药品
研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品
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Enriched Protein®的临床试验
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University of HohenheimUniversity Hospital Tuebingen完全的
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University of NebraskaInCor Heart Institute; VU University of Amsterdam完全的
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PharmanexUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill完全的