Busulfan, Etoposide, and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Followed By Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Advanced Myeloid Cancer

Phase I/II Study of Intravenous (IV) Busulfan and Etoposide (VP-16) Combined With Escalated Doses of Large Field Image-Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Helical Tomotherapy as a Preparative Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Patients With Advanced Myeloid Malignancies

RATIONALE: Giving chemotherapy drugs, such as busulfan and etoposide, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy before a donor stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It also helps stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. When the healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient they may help the patient's bone marrow make stem cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving intensity-modulated radiation therapy together with busulfan and etoposide before a transplant may stop this from happening.

PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of intensity-modulated radiation therapy when given together with busulfan and etoposide followed by a donor stem cell transplant and to see how well it works in treating patients with advanced myeloid cancer.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q); Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22); Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13;q22); Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22); Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission; Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission; Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Previously Treated Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Recurrent Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(15;17)(q22;q12); Refractory Anemia With Excess Blasts; Blastic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: etoposide; Drug: busulfan; Radiation: intensity-modulated radiation therapy; Procedure: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Procedure: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; Procedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation; Radiation: tomotherapy

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

I. To establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a large field image-guided IMRT, using helical tomotherapy, when given in combination with IV busulfan and VP-16 as a preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an HLA-identical sibling in patients with advanced myeloid malignancies. (Phase I) II. To describe the toxicities at each dose level studied. (Phase I) III. To estimate the radiation doses to the whole body, normal organs, and bone marrow through serial imaging studies following the administration of IMRT. (Phase I) IV. To estimate the overall survival probability, disease-free survival probability, and relapse rate associated with this preparative regimen. (Phase II) V. To characterize the treatment related mortality and toxicity profile (early/late) associated with this regimen. (Phase II) VI. To descriptively compare the outcomes of patients treated on this protocol to a comparable patient population conditioned with whole-body radiotherapy. (Phase II)

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of intensity-modulated radiation therapy followed by a phase II study.

PREPARATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive busulfan IV once daily over 2 hours on days -15 and -13 and then every 6 hours on days -12 to -9. Patients also receive etoposide IV on day -3. Patients undergo image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy on days -8 to -5.

TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation on day 0.

GRAFT-VS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive GVHD prophylaxis that excludes methotrexate.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for 1 year and then annually for 2 years thereafter.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 25
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City Of Hope

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 years to 55 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion

• Patients with the following diagnoses are eligible for this study: Advanced myeloid malignancy with a disease status of more than second remission, induction failure, or relapse; Chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis; Myelodysplasia, specifically refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
• All candidates for this study must have a HLA (-A, -B, -C, -DR) identical sibling who is willing to donate bone marrow or primed blood stem cells or a 10/10 allele-matched unrelated donor or minor mismatches as per BMT SOP that allows Tacrolimus and Sirolimus to be given for GVH prophylaxis; all ABO blood group combinations of the donor/recipient are acceptable since even major ABO compatibilities can be dealt with by various techniques (red cell exchange or plasma exchange)
• Prior therapy with VP-16, busulfan, hydrea and gleevec are allowed
• A cardiac evaluation with electrocardiogram and MUGA or echocardiogram is required for all patients; patients must have an ejection fracture of greater than or equal to 50%
• Patients must have a serum creatinine of less than or equal to 1.2 or creatinine clearance > 80 ml/min
• A bilirubin of less than or equal to 1.5; patients should also have an SGOT and SGPT less than 5 times the upper limit of normal
• Pulmonary function tests including DLCO will be performed; FEV1 and DLCO should be greater than 50% of predicted normal value
• Time from the end of last induction or reinduction attempt should be greater than or equal to 21 days
• A signed (IRB approved) informed consent document is required; the patient, donor family member, and transplant team (physician, nurse, and social worker) meet together at least once prior to starting the transplant procedure to review all pertinent risk/benefit information as part of the consenting process; alternative treatment modalities are also discussed at this meeting

Exclusion

• Prior radiation therapy/exposure that prevents patient from receiving IMRT (Determination will be made by the Radiation Oncologist)
• Patients who have previously undergone a blood/marrow transplant and now have relapsed disease
• Patients with a psychological or medical condition that the treating physician deems unacceptable to proceed to allogeneic bone marrow transplant
• Pregnancy
• EKG showing ischemic changes or abnormal rhythm and echocardiogram showing ejection fraction < 50 % or abnormal wall motion

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm I: 1200cGy; 1200cGy = 150cGy x 8 doses: Patients receive busulfan IV once daily over 2 hours on days -15 and -13 and then every 6 hours on days -12 to -9. Patients also receive etoposide IV on day -3. Patients undergo image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy on days -8 to -5. TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation on day 0. GRAFT-VS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive GVHD prophylaxis that excludes methotrexate.	Drug: etoposide; Given IV; Other Names: Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside; EPEG; VP-16; VP-16-213; VePesid; epipodophyllotoxin; Drug: busulfan; Given IV; Other Names: BSF; BU; Misulfan; Mitosan; Myeloleukon; Myelosan; Radiation: intensity-modulated radiation therapy; Initially 150 cGy X 8 doses with gradual dose escalation to 200 cGy X 10 doses; Other Names: IMRT; Procedure: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Procedure: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Other Names: bone marrow therapy, allogeneic; bone marrow therapy, allogenic; transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow; transplantation, allogenic bone marrow; Procedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Other Names: PBPC transplantation; PBSC transplantation; peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation; transplantation, peripheral blood stem cell; Radiation: tomotherapy; Initially 150 cGy X 8 doses with gradual dose escalation to 200 cGy X 10 doses; Other Names: helical tomotherapy
Experimental: Arm II: 1350cGy; 1350cGy = 150cGy x 9 doses: Patients receive busulfan IV once daily over 2 hours on days -15 and -13 and then every 6 hours on days -12 to -9. Patients also receive etoposide IV on day -3. Patients undergo image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy on days -8 to -5.	Drug: etoposide; Given IV; Other Names: Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside; EPEG; VP-16; VP-16-213; VePesid; epipodophyllotoxin; Drug: busulfan; Given IV; Other Names: BSF; BU; Misulfan; Mitosan; Myeloleukon; Myelosan; Radiation: intensity-modulated radiation therapy; Initially 150 cGy X 8 doses with gradual dose escalation to 200 cGy X 10 doses; Other Names: IMRT; Procedure: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Procedure: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Other Names: bone marrow therapy, allogeneic; bone marrow therapy, allogenic; transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow; transplantation, allogenic bone marrow; Procedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation; Stem cell transplantation occurs on Day 0 after High Dose Therapy; Other Names: PBPC transplantation; PBSC transplantation; peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation; transplantation, peripheral blood stem cell; Radiation: tomotherapy; Initially 150 cGy X 8 doses with gradual dose escalation to 200 cGy X 10 doses; Other Names: helical tomotherapy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy (Phase I)	The highest dose tested in which fewer than 33% of patients experienced DLT attributable to the study treatment when at least six patients were treated at the dose and are evaluable for toxicity. The MDT is one dose level below the DLT level. At least six patients will be treated at the MTD.	from initial treatment date to Day 30 post-transplant

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Anthony Stein, City of Hope Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 11, 2007
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 17, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): August 9, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 5, 2007
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 5, 2007
• First Posted (Estimated): October 8, 2007

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 28, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Disease Attributes; Disease; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Anemia; Neoplastic Processes; Precancerous Conditions; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Carcinogenesis; Chronic Disease; Syndrome; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Recurrence; Preleukemia; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Blast Crisis; Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts; Anemia, Refractory; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Dermatologic Agents; Keratolytic Agents; Etoposide; Etoposide phosphate; Podophyllotoxin; Busulfan
• Other Study ID Numbers: 05013; NCI-2010-00354; CDR0000567452 (Registry Identifier: PDQ)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Terminated study