Effect of Physiotherapy in Hospitalized COPD Patients

Eksperimentell: Experimental group 1

patients will be involved in the Physiotherapy program 1. The program included 15 minutes of deep breathing exercises and 20-30 minutes of limb exercises. The exercises included global active range of motion (ROM) exercises and muscle strengthening like upper and lower limbs flexion-extension do single-leg stance, and sit to stand exercises added to standard treatment.

Annen: Physiotherapy program 1

The standard medical treatment and additionally they will receive physiotherapy. The program will be performed every day during the hospital stay and it will include global active range of motion (ROM) exercises and muscle strengthening like upper and lower limbs flexion-extension do single-leg stance, and sit to stand exercises.

Andre navn:

• Global exercises

Eksperimentell: Experimental group 2

patients will be involved in the physiotherapy program 2. The program was a combined intervention including the Control Group treatment plus neuromuscular stimulation therapy on quadriceps accompanied by lower limb exercises.

Annen: Physiotherapy program 2

COPD patients included in this group will receive the standard medical treatment and additionally, they will receive a physiotherapy program. The program will be performed every day during the hospital stay and included neuromuscular stimulation therapy on quadriceps accompanied by lower limbs exercises

Andre navn:

• NEMS and lower limb exercises

Annen: Control group

patients will receive standard medical treatment without physiotherapy intervention.

Legemiddel: Standard medical treatment

The standard medical treatment consists on:

• Inhaled bronchodilators: Short acting inhaled β2 agonists ( salbutamol and terbutaline) and anticholinergic agents (ipratropium and oxitropium bromide).
• Glucocorticoids:

Inhaled glucocorticoids including beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone propionate and triamcinolone acetonide, depending on the expert criteria.

- Antibiotics: The antibiotics were administered according to the GOLD criteria including the β-lactamase inhibitor and fluoroquinolones.

Andre navn:

• Narkotika

Lower limb strength

Lower limb strength was evaluated by a dynamometer. The assessor placed the limb to be examined in the starting position (a knee flexion of 90º) and instructed each participant to hold the limb in that position against the increasing resistance applied to it by the examiner. During each test the assessor counted out loud for seconds and at the end of the test period advised the participant to relax the limb.

Balance

Balance was evaluated by the one-leg standing balance test, that measured the time that the patient balance on one leg as long as possible. We asked the subject being tested to choose a leg to stand on (whichever he felt more comfortable with), flex the opposite knee allowing the foot to clear the floor, and balance on one leg as long as possible

Respiratory function

Spirometry is regarded as the gold standard measure of respiratory function. The indicators of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) will be tested. Spirometry will be performed according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) criteria.

Anxiety and depression

The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) will be used to evaluate psychological status. HADS is a 14-items self-report questionnaire designed to detect psychological morbidity in medically ill patients. It contains depression and anxiety subscales, each with scores ranging from 0 to 21.