Midazolam Effect in Children Undergoing Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Experimental: Versed

Both patients who are VCUG naive and patients who have had a previous VCUG are given oral midazolam prior to undergoing the VCUG.

Arzneimittel: midazolam

Children are randomized to receive oral midazolam .5 mg/kg prior to undergoing VCUG

Placebo-Komparator: Placebo

Both patients who are VCUG naive and patients who have had a previous VCUG are given an oral placebo prior to undergoing the VCUG.

Arzneimittel: placebo

Children are randomized to receive a placebo prior to undergoing VCUG

Anxiety Score From the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale

The modified Yale preoperative scale consists of 5 categories (activity, vocalizations, emotional expressivity, state of apparent arousal, and use of parents). Four of the five categories are scored between 1-4 points and one of the categories is scored from 1-6 points. The scores are divided by their number of possible points in their respective category and multiplied by 20 to get the final anxiety score which ranges from 20 to 100. Low numbers represent low anxiety and higher numbers represent high anxiety.

Anxiety Score From the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

The State-Trait anxiety inventory is consists of 20 questions on a 4-point force-choice Likert-type response scales (scores 0 - 3). The 20 questions are summed together for final score. The score can range from 0 to 60 with higher scores representing higher levels of anxiety. This questionnaire was used to evaluate the anxiety level of the parents of the children who randomized to versed or placebo.