Satunnaistettu, kaksoissokkoutettu, monikeskus, aktiivisesti kontrolloitu, vaiheen 3 kliininen tutkimus THP-00101-, THP-00102- ja THP-00103-yhdistelmähoidon tehokkuuden ja turvallisuuden arvioimiseksi potilailla, joilla on T2DM ja essential hypertensio (THP-001-031)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Screening (V1)

  1. Adult males and females aged 19 (the legal adult age of each country) and above on the date of written informed consent
  2. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by essential hypertension
  3. Subjects with the following hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at screening (V1)*

• hemoglobin A1c less than or equal to 9.5% and more than 6.5%

• fasting plasma glucose less than or equal to 270 mg/dL

  • Including subjects who did not use oral hypoglycemic agents within 8 weeks from screening and subjects who took metformin monotherapy or dual combination therapy that included metformin for 8 weeks or longer from screening 4. Subjects with the following mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) measured in the reference arm** at screening (V1)***

• If not taking antihypertensive agents: MSSBP less than 160 mmHg and more than 140 mmHg

• If taking antihypertensive agents: MSSBP less than 160 mmHg and more than 130 mmHg **Reference arm: The arm with the higher MSSBP after measuring it 3 times in each arm at screening (V1) (If the MSSBP is the same between both arms, then the arm with the higher mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (MSDBP) is selected as the reference arm.)

  ***Classified based on whether antihypertensive agents were administered within 4 weeks from screening (V1) 5 Subjects considered by the investigator appropriate to discontinue the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and antihypertensive agents, other than the existing metformin, during the study (with metformin maintained at a minimum of 1,000 mg/day) 6 Subjects who received a sufficient explanation of the objectives and content of the study and voluntarily provided written informed consent

• Baseline (V2)

  1. Subjects with the following HbA1c and FPG levels at baseline (V2) - HbA1c less than or equal to 9.5% and more than 6.5% - FPG less than or equal to 270 mg/dL 2. Subjects with the following MSSBP measured in the reference arm at baseline (V2) - MSSBP less than 160 mmHg and more than 140 mmHg 3. Subjects who did not take oral hypoglycemic agents other than the same dose of metformin (More than 1,000 mg/day) for at least 8 weeks before baseline (V2) 4. Subjects who did not take antihypertensive agents for at least 2 weeks before baseline (V2) 5. Subjects with no disqualifying inclusion/exclusion criteria of screening (V1) when evaluating eligibility again at baseline (V2) 6. Subjects with compliance of 70% or higher with the investigational product during the run-in period

• Extension Period

  1. Subjects who have completed all procedures of the treatment period. Subjects who are unsuitable to participate in the study of the extension period, considering safety, etc., can be excluded.

  2. Subjects who received a sufficient explanation of the objectives and content of the extension period study and voluntarily provided written informed consent

     Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Subjects with the following blood pressures measured at screening (V1) and randomization (V2)

  (1) Subjects with the following MSDBP measured in the reference arm

• MSDBP ≥110 mmHg (2) Subjects with the following difference in mean blood pressure measured three times consecutively in each arm at least 2 minutes apart at screening (V1): MSSBP ≥20 mmHg and MSDBP ≥10 mmHg 2. Subjects with a BMI of >35 kg/m2 3. Subjects with the following comorbidities or conditions

  1. Mild to severe hepatic impairment

  2. Biliary obstruction or cholestasis

  3. AST or ALT ≥2 x ULN

  4. Total bilirubin >2 x ULN

  5. Patients with moderate (stage 3b) or severe renal impairment (eGFR by IDMS-MDRD <45 mL/min/1.73 m2)

  6. Acute conditions that may affect renal function, such as dehydration, severe infection, cardiovascular collapse (shock), and sepsis

  7. Diabetic precoma and coma

  8. Severe infection or severe traumatism

  9. Malnutrition, starvation, debilitation, pituitary insufficiency, or adrenal dysfunction

  10. Acute or chronic diseases that may cause tissue hypoxia such as respiratory failure (pulmonary infarction and severe pulmonary dysfunction) and shock, and gastrointestinal disorders including dehydration, diarrhea, and vomiting

  11. Orthostatic hypotension with symptoms

  12. Clinically significant ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or other arrhythmia considered clinically significant as judged by the investigator

  13. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, severe obstructive coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, hemodynamically significant aortic valve or mitral valve stenosis

  14. Wasting diseases, autoimmune diseases, and connective tissue diseases

  15. Dysuria, anuria, oliguria, and ischuria that cannot be controlled by drugs

  16. Gastrointestinal diseases that may affect the absorption of the investigational product (gastrointestinal ulcer, gastritis, gastric spasm, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Crohn's disease, etc.)

  17. Subjects who are HBsAg positive§ or HCV antibody positive∥

      §Subjects who are taking antiviral products stably may participate

      ∥Subjects with negative HCV RNA test results may participate

  18. Subjects who are positive for HIV Ag/Ab combo test 4. Subjects with the following past medical history

  1. Hereditary angioedema or angioedema caused by ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II antagonist treatment.
  2. Hereditary problems such as galactose intolerance, Lapp lactose deficiency, glucose-galactose malabsorption, etc.
  3. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, secondary diabetes mellitus, lactic acidosis, acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, and ketoacidosis including diabetic ketoacidosis accompanied or not accompanied by coma
  4. Drug abuse or alcohol abuse
  5. Past medical history of secondary hypertension or all medical history suspected of secondary hypertension (not limited to the following: coarctation of aorta, primary hyperaldosteronism, renal artery stenosis, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, polycystic kidney disease, etc.)
  6. Severe cardiac failure (NYHA class III and IV), ischemic heart disease (unstable angina and myocardial infarction), and peripheral vascular diseases that occurred within 24 weeks before screening (V1)
  7. Severe cerebrovascular diseases (stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.) that occurred within 24 weeks before screening (V1)
  8. Moderate or malignant retinopathy that occurred within 24 weeks before screening (V1) (retinal hemorrhage, visual disturbance, and retinal microaneurysm that occurred within the last 24 weeks)
  9. Urinary tract infection or genital infection that occurred within 16 weeks before screening (V1)
  10. Malignant tumors that occurred within the last 5 years. Subjects who experienced no recurrence for at least 5 years after being declared cured or in the cases of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, thyroid cancer, or carcinoma in situ at other sites, subjects who experienced no recurrence for at least 3 years after being declared cured can be enrolled based on the investigator's medical judgment 5. Subjects who received the following medication or non-pharmacological therapy at screening (V1)
  1. Bariatric surgery or lap-band surgery within 12 months before screening (V1)
  2. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery within 24 weeks before screening (V1)
  3. Antiobestic drugs or drugs based on the investigator's judgment to be capable of having significant effects on weight control within 12 weeks before screening (V1)
  4. Systemic corticosteroids used for 2 weeks or longer, within 8 weeks before screening (V1) (inhaled and topical agents, eye drops, intranasal, intra-articular administration, and other localized administrations are allowed regardless of duration)
  5. Insulin injections or GLP-1 receptor agonists administered for more than 7 days consecutively or non-consecutively within 8 weeks before screening (V1)
  6. Current treatment by the triple combination of antihypertensive agents, or current treatment by the dual combination including high-dose amlodipine (10 mg)
  7. Current treatment by the monotherapy of hypoglycemic agents except metfomin or current treatment by the triple combination including metformin
  8. Current treatment with drugs containing aliskiren
  9. Subjects currently receiving dialysis
  10. Scheduled tests involving the intravenous administration of radiographic iodinated contrast agents from 48 hours before the run-in period until the end of the study (e.g., intravenous urography, intravenous angiography, vascular angiography, computed tomography using contrast agents, etc.) 6. Subjects who are hypersensitive to the active ingredients (dapagliflozin or telmisartan) or other ingredients of the investigational product 7. Subjects with a history of hypersensitivity to metformin or biguanides 8. Subjects who participated in other clinical trials within 12 weeks before taking the investigational product of this study and were administered (or received) other investigational products (or devices) 9. Pregnant or breastfeeding women 10. Women and men of childbearing potential who have plans for pregnancy or do not agree to perform appropriate contraception from screening (V1) until 4 weeks after the last dose of the investigational product. The appropriate contraceptive methods for this study are as follows:

  1. Hormonal contraceptives (oral products, injections, implants, etc.)

  2. IUD or IUS

  3. Male or female sterilization (e.g., vasectomy, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, etc.)

  4. Dual methods: Simultaneous use of 1) to 3) methods and the barrier method¶ or simultaneous use of double barrier methods# (simultaneous use of cap/diaphragm and male condom) and the spermicide

  5. Sexual abstinence: It is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study treatments. However, if the age, job, lifestyle, or sexual orientation of the participant assures contraception according to the investigator's decision, strict abstinence from sexual intercourse is also allowed. Periodic sexual abstinence (e.g., calendar method, symptothermal method, post-ovulation method, etc.) and withdrawal (coitus interruptus) are not acceptable methods of contraception.

     • Male condom, female condom, cap, diaphragm, sponge, etc. #However, simultaneous use of male condoms and female condoms is not allowed 11. Subjects unsuitable to participate in this study based on the investigator's judgment.