Denna sida har översatts automatiskt och översättningens korrekthet kan inte garanteras. Vänligen se engelsk version för en källtext.

Utvärdering av farmakokinetiken och läkemedelsinteraktionspotentialen hos det botaniska kosttillskottet kanel

4 november 2026 uppdaterad av: Mary Paine, Washington State University

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a well-characterized, commercially available cinnamon dietary supplement as a precipitant of pharmacokinetic interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 drug substrates in healthy volunteers. Nicotine gum will be used as the CYP2A6 probe drug (i.e., positive control) and letrozole as a high-impact object drug. Results will be used to inform future research on the potential use of cinnamon as a smoking cessation agent, as well as the clinical impact on pharmacotherapeutic regimens involving letrozole in cancer patients.

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Cinnamon is used worldwide as both an additive and a botanical dietary supplement, the latter of which ranked within the 30 top-selling herbal supplements in 2020. Cinnamon is added to a variety of products, ranging from foods (e.g., breakfast cereals, baked goods) to fragrances and essential oils, to improve taste or smell. As a dietary supplement, cinnamon is commonly used to lower blood sugar and reduce inflammation. Cinnamon contains the abundant component, cinnamaldehyde (CA), a phenylpropanoid that emanates the flavor and scent of cinnamon. Research by Harrelson and colleagues has shown CA to inhibit the drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 in a time-dependent manner. That is, CYP2A6 metabolizes CA to a reactive intermediate that destroys the enzyme. Such substrates are also referred to as "suicide substrates". This type of enzyme inhibition is similar to that of grapefruit juice, which contains furanocoumarins that are time-dependent inhibitors of CYP3A in the intestine, leading to numerous potential adverse interactions with drugs metabolized by CYP3A. Unlike competitive inhibitors, time-dependent inhibitors inactivate the enzyme permanently, requiring de novo synthesis of the enzyme. As such, drug interactions with time-dependent inhibitors can last for several days. Relative to CYP3A, the list of clinically relevant CYP2A6 substrates is very short. However, two critical substrates include nicotine and the anticancer agent letrozole. Using an in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation approach, CA was predicted to increase the area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve (AUC) of both substrates by 4- to 5-fold exceeding the FDA recommended cutoff (1.25) These compelling observations prompted this clinical study.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

16

Fas

  • Tidig fas 1

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

  • Förenta staterna
    • Washington
      • Spokane, Washington, Förenta staterna, 99202
        • Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

18 år till 64 år (Vuxen)

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Allt

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Males and females, aged from 18-64 years and healthy
  • Not taking any medications (prescription and non-prescription) or dietary/herbal supplements known to alter the pharmacokinetics of either study drug or cinnamon constituents
  • Willing to abstain from consuming dietary/herbal supplements and citrus juices for several weeks
  • Willing to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages or other caffeine-containing products the evening before and morning of the first day of a study arm
  • Willing to abstain from consuming any alcoholic beverages for one day prior to any study day, during the 14-hour inpatient days, and for the outpatient visit(s) following the 14-hour visit
  • Willing to use an acceptable method of contraception that does not include oral contraceptive pills or patches (such as abstinence, copper IUD, condom)
  • Have the time to participate
  • Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from subject or subject's legal representative and ability for the subject to comply with the requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under the age of 18 or 65+ years
  • Any current major illness or chronic illness such as (but not limited to) kidney disease, hepatic disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, or HIV/AIDS
  • History of anemia or any other significant hematologic disorder
  • History of drug or alcohol addiction or major psychiatric illness
  • Pregnant or nursing
  • History of allergy to cinnamon, letrozole, or nicotine
  • Taking concomitant medications, both prescription and non-prescription (including dietary supplements/herbal products), known to alter the pharmacokinetics of either study drug or cinnamon constituents
  • Presence of a condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data
  • Recreational drug use such as amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, MDMA, opioids, and PCP
  • History of intolerance to cinnamon
  • Out-of-range clinical laboratory value that the study physician considers participation in the study a health risk

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Grundläggande vetenskap
  • Tilldelning: Icke-randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Crossover tilldelning
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Cinnamon

Arm 1 will consist of administration of a single dose of cinnamon (2 g) with water by mouth to 6 subjects (3 males, 3 females). Blood will be drawn from 0-48 hours. Urine will be collected from 0-24 hours. The subjects may or may not elect to participate in Arms 2-5. If they do, a washout of at least 7 days will occur between Arm 1 administration of cinnamon and the Arm 2 administration of nicotine.
Kosttillskott: Cinnamon (2 g)

oral capsules, 2 g
Experimentell: Nicotine

Arm 2 will consist of administration of a single dose of nicotine gum (2 mg) to 16 subjects. If these subjects participated in Arm 1, they will have completed a washout of 7 days since administration of cinnamon before starting Arm 2. Blood and urine will be collected from 0-12 hours relative to nicotine administration. Participants will undergo a washout of at least 4 days before beginning Arm 3.
Läkemedel: Nicotine gum (2.5 mg)

gum, 2.5 mg

Andra namn:
  • Nicorette
Experimentell: Letrozole

Arm 3 will consist of administration of a single oral dose of letrozole (2.5 mg) to the same 16 subjects who participate in Arm 2. Blood and urine will be collected from 0-240 hours and 0-24 hours, respectively, relative to letrozole administration. Participants will undergo a washout of at least 14 days before beginning Arm 4.
Läkemedel: Letrozole (2.5 mg)

tablet, 2.5 mg

Andra namn:
  • Femara
Experimentell: Cinnamon + Nicotine

The same 16 subjects will self-administer the cinnamon product (2 g) three times daily for five consecutive days. On the sixth day, subjects will be administered cinnamon (2 g) and nicotine gum (2 mg). Cinnamon will be administered two additional times. Blood and urine will be collected from 0-12 hours relative to nicotine administration. Participants will undergo a washout of at least 4 days before beginning Arm 5.
Kosttillskott: Cinnamon (2 g)

oral capsules, 2 g

Läkemedel: Nicotine gum (2.5 mg)

gum, 2.5 mg

Andra namn:
  • Nicorette
Experimentell: Cinnamon + Letrozole

The same 16 subjects will self-administer the cinnamon product (2 g) three times daily for five consecutive days. On the sixth day, subjects will be administered cinnamon (2 g) and letrozole (2.5 mg). Cinnamon will be administered two additional times. Blood and urine will be collected from 0-240 hours and 0-24 hours, respectively, relative to letrozole administration.
Kosttillskott: Cinnamon (2 g)

oral capsules, 2 g

Läkemedel: Letrozole (2.5 mg)

tablet, 2.5 mg

Andra namn:
  • Femara

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Nicotine AUC
Tidsram: 0-12h

Nicotine Area Under the Curve alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-12h

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Letrozole AUC
Tidsram: 0-240h

Letrozole Area Under the Curve alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-240h
Letrozole Cmax
Tidsram: 0-240h

Letrozole maximum concentration alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-240h
Nicotine Half Life
Tidsram: 0-12h

Nicotine half life alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-12h
Nicotine Cmax
Tidsram: 0-12h

Nicotine maximum concentration alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-12h
Letrozole Half Life
Tidsram: 0-240h

Letrozole half life alone and in the presence of cinnamon
0-240h

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Washington State University

Samarbetspartners

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS)

Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

14 december 2021

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

31 augusti 2023

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

31 augusti 2024

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

1 december 2021

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

1 december 2021

Första postat (Faktisk)

15 december 2021

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

5 november 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

4 november 2026

Senast verifierad

1 november 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 18686
  • U54AT008909 (U.S.S. NIH-anslag/kontrakt)

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

NEJ

Läkemedels- och apparatinformation, studiedokument

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad läkemedelsprodukt

Ja

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad produktprodukt

Nej

Denna information hämtades direkt från webbplatsen clinicaltrials.gov utan några ändringar. Om du har några önskemål om att ändra, ta bort eller uppdatera dina studieuppgifter, vänligen kontakta register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en ändring har implementerats på clinicaltrials.gov, kommer denna att uppdateras automatiskt även på vår webbplats .

Prenumerera